Table 1. Clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with or without diabetes mellitus treated for hepatocellular carcinoma by curative hepatectomy.
| Before propensity matching (n = 505) | After propensity matching (n = 198) | |||||
| Characteristic | DM (n = 134) | Non-DM (n = 371) | P | DM (n = 99) | Non-DM (n = 99) | P |
| Male, n (%) | 122 (91) | 325 (88) | 0.284 | 90 (91) | 89 (90) | 0.809 |
| Age, yr | 56.0±8.8 | 48.3±11.6 | <0.001 | 54.3±8.8 | 52.5±10.5 | 0.260 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.4±3.6 | 22.2±3.3 | <0.001 | 22.8±3.9 | 23.2±3.2 | 0.410 |
| Positive HBsAg, n (%) | 108 (81) | 322 (87) | 0.084 | 84 (85) | 84 (85) | 1.000 |
| Positive anti-HCV, n (%) | 2 (1) | 6 (2) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1.000 |
| AFP, n (%), ng/mL | ||||||
| ≥400 | 30 (22) | 127 (34) | 0.011 | 24 (24) | 26 (26) | 0.744 |
| <400 | 104 (78) | 244 (66) | 75 (76) | 73 (74) | ||
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L | 16.9±11.5 | 14.2±6.6 | 0.010 | 14.5±6.1 | 14.7±6.7 | 0.911 |
| Albumin, g/L | 38.9±5.8 | 40.5±4.8 | 0.002 | 40.0±6.0 | 40.1±5.7 | 0.925 |
| ALT, U/L | 45 (12–294) | 39 (3–504) | 0.002 | 44 (17–294) | 41 (3–399) | 0.463 |
| GGT, U/L | 94 (13–1429) | 57 (10–433) | <0.001 | 61 (17–388) | 58 (10–433) | 0.459 |
| Creatinie, µmol/L | 77 (45–316) | 81 (37–201) | 0.018 | 78 (52–149) | 80 (37–117) | 0.797 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 5.0 (2.1–17.2) | 5.0 (2.2–11.6) | 0.503 | 5.3 (2.1–9.8) | 5.0 (2.7–9.5) | 0.636 |
| Ccr, ml/min | 91 (39–150) | 92 (47–146) | 0.726 | 91 (59–150) | 89 (55–138) | 0.364 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.7±1.0 | 4.3±0.7 | 0.018 | 4.5±1.2 | 4.4±1.0 | 0.559 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 140.3±2.9 | 140.8±2.4 | 0.181 | 140.5±2.8 | 140.9±2.4 | 0.347 |
| Prothrombin time, sec | 13.4 (10.0–22.4) | 12.8 (10.0–24.0) | <0.001 | 13.1 (10.4–22.4) | 13.0 (10.2–21.0) | 0.369 |
| Platelet count, 109/L | 127 (31–352) | 176 (31–610) | <0.001 | 144 (31–352) | 151 (32–367) | 0.734 |
| Child-Pugh A, n (%) | 119 (88.8) | 358 (96.5) | 0.001 | 92 (93) | 94 (95) | 0.551 |
| Ascites, n (%) | 34 (25.4) | 62 (16.7) | 0.029 | 23 (23) | 23 (23) | 1.000 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Cirrhosis | 104 (78) | 234 (63) | 0.002 | 74 (75) | 71 (72) | 0.630 |
| Hypertention | 23 (17.2) | 29 (7.8) | 0.002 | 15 (15) | 13 (13) | 0.683 |
| Heart disease | 2 (1.5) | 2 (0.5) | 0.618 | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (2.2) | 5 (1.3) | 0.761 | 3 (3) | 2 (2) | 1.000 |
| Renal disease | 6 (4.5) | 11 (3.0) | 0.580 | 4 (4) | 3 (3) | 1.000 |
| Tumor capsule, n (%) | ||||||
| Complete | 82 (61) | 214 (58) | 0.479 | 61 (62) | 60 (61) | 0.884 |
| Incomplete | 52 (39) | 157 (42) | 38 (38) | 39 (39) | ||
| Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 20 (15) | 59 (16) | 0.789 | 15 (15) | 13 (13) | 0.683 |
| Tumor size, cm | 4.0 (1.5–16.0) | 5.5 (1.0–18.0) | 0.004 | 5.0 (2.0–16.0) | 5.0 (1.0–14.0) | 0.734 |
| Tumor number, n (%) | ||||||
| <3 | 117 (87) | 323 (87) | 0.941 | 88 (89) | 88 (89) | 1.000 |
| ≥3 | 17 (13) | 48 (13) | 11 (11) | 11 (11) | ||
| Differentiation degree, n (%) | ||||||
| Well | 15 (11) | 44 (12) | 0.073 | 12 (12) | 12 (12) | 0.545 |
| Moderately | 67 (50) | 220 (59) | 52 (53) | 57 (58) | ||
| Poorly | 52 (39) | 107 (29) | 35 (35) | 30 (30) | ||
| BCLC stage, n (%) | ||||||
| 0 and A | 66 (49) | 169 (46) | 0.462 | 48 (48) | 50 (51) | 0.776 |
| B and C | 68 (51) | 202 (54) | 51 (52) | 49 (49) | ||
| Major resection, n (%) | 11 (8.2) | 68 (18.3) | 0.006 | 9 (9) | 13 (13) | 0.366 |
| Operation time, min | 155 (70–385) | 150 (60–495) | 0.408 | 165 (100–385) | 165 (80–495) | 0.644 |
| Blood loss, mL | 300 (50–3000) | 250 (20–8400) | 0.239 | 300 (50–3000) | 300 (20–2500) | 0.960 |
| Required blood transfusion, n (%) | 30 (22) | 44 (12) | 0.003 | 19 (19) | 17 (17) | 0.712 |
| 30-d mortality, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1.000 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| 90-d mortality, n (%) | 1 (0.7) | 7 (1.9) | 0.615 | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.0) | 0.613 |
| Postoperative complications, n (%) | 49 (36.6) | 110 (29.6) | 0.139 | 35 (35.4) | 31 (31.1) | 0.546 |
Data are mean ± SD or median (range).
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; Ccr, creatinine clearance rate; DM, diabetes mellitus; GGT, γ-glutamyl transferase; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus.