Fig. 4.
SST spectral estimates from ECHAM5/MPIOM and the CMIP5/PMIP3 collection of simulations. The ECHAM5/MPIOM spectral estimates are from simulations that are unforced, forced only by changes in Earth’s orbital configuration, and forced using orbital, solar, volcanic, greenhouse gas, and land-used changes. The range of spectral estimates from the fully forced CMIP5/PMIP3 past1000 simulations are also shown. In all cases, spectral energy is nearly constant at frequencies below 1/50 y−1.