Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Total (n=890) | Quartile 1 (n=225) | Quartile 2 (n=222) | Quartile 3 (n=221) | Quartile 4 (n=222) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range (mg/dL) | < 21.5 | 21.5 – 25.6 | 25.6 – 30.1 | >30.1 | ||
| Age, in years (SD) | 66.6 (10) | 65.7 (10) | 67.1 (10) | 67.5 (10) | 66 (10) | .232 |
| Male, n(%) | 543 (61) | 194 (86) | 148 (67) | 116 (52) | 85 (38) | <0.001 |
| BMI, mean in kg/m2(SD) | 30 (7) | 29 (6) | 29 (6) | 30 (7) | 31 (8) | .107 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n(%) | 269 (30) | 40 (18) | 61 (28) | 74 (33) | 94 (43) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n(%) | 670 (76) | 175 (79) | 167 (76) | 161 (74) | 167 (77) | 0.572 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n(%) | 700 (81) | 194 (87) | 175 (80) | 165 (78) | 166 (77) | 0.041 |
| CAD, n(%) | 684 (77) | 190 (85) | 165 (74) | 167 (76) | 162 (75) | 0.022 |
| MI, n(%) | 493 (59) | 146 (69) | 117 (56) | 115 (56) | 115 (55) | 0.008 |
| CABG, n(%) | 384 (43) | 122 (54) | 91 (41) | 90 (41) | 81 (36) | 0.001 |
| Cigarette smoking, n(%) | 620 (70) | 163 (72) | 157 (71) | 155 (70) | 145 (65) | 0.381 |
| Baseline medications | ||||||
| ACE inhibitors, n(%) | 601 (68) | 167 (74) | 154 (69) | 144 (65) | 136 (61) | 0.024 |
| Beta-blocker, n(%) | 592 (67) | 168 (75) | 137 (62) | 151 (68) | 136 (61) | 0.007 |
| Statin, n(%) | 534 (60) | 152 (68) | 140 (63) | 123 (56) | 119 (54) | 0.008 |
| Aspirin, n(%) | 566 (64) | 154 (68) | 142 (64) | 135 (61) | 135 (61) | 0.303 |
| Nitrate, n(%) | 347 (39) | 97 (43) | 83 (37) | 90 (41) | 77 (35) | 0.278 |
| B-type natriuretic peptide, median in pg/mL(IQR) | 300 (114 – 678) | 233 (87–497) | 255 (102–563) | 371 (162–880) | 381 (151–930) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, median (IQR) | 35(25–50) | 40(30–50) | 35(25–50) | 35(25–55) | 38(25–50) | 0.904 |
| Creatinine clearance, median in ml/min/1.73m2(IQR) | 83 (60–110) | 88.1 (69.4 – 117.2) | 81.7 (57.2 – 113.1) | 78.4 (55.4 – 98.5) | 80 (54.7 – 111.2) | <0.001 |
| Dialysis use, n(%) | 19 (2) | 8 (4) | 6 (3) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 0.013 |
| EKG Data | ||||||
| Heart rate, b/min(IQR) | 71 (62–83) | 69 (57–81) | 72 (63–82) | 71 (63–81) | 75 (66–86) | <0.001 |
| QRS duration, ms (IQR) | 108 (94–138) | 108 (96–135) | 108(94–138) | 108 (94–142) | 106 (92–142) | 0.908 |
| LBBB, n(%) | 101 (12) | 23 (10) | 29 (13) | 25 (12) | 24 (11) | 0.794 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; MI, myocardial infarction; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme