Table 2.
Genetic and Environmental Correlates of Educational Expectations
| Panel 1: Within Wave | Age 4 Expectations | K Expectations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Child Factors | rA | rC | rE | rA | rC | rE |
| 1. Math Achievement | .22 (.12) | .22 (.05) *** | .12 (.08) | .34 (.12) ** | .17 (.07) ** | .12 (.08) |
| 2. Reading Achievement | .33 (.15) * | .20 (.05) *** | −.04 (.08) | .14 (.11) | .21 (.07) ** | .15 (.08) |
| 3. Parent ATL | .42 (.08) *** | - | −.09 (.08) | .39 (.09) *** | - | .14 (.08) |
| 4. Parent Problem Behavior | −.14 (.10) | −.22 (.11) * | .07 (.08) | −.26 (.12) * | −.19 (.14) | .11 (.08) |
| 5. Teacher ATL | .19 (.12) | - | .09 (.12) | .21 (.11) | - | −.06 (.12) |
| 6. Teacher Problem Behavior | −.24 (.13) | .04 (.12) | −.10 (.12) | −.38 (.23) | .09 (.13) | .08 (.13) |
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| Panel 2: Across Wave | Age 4 Expectations with K Child Factors | K Expectations with Age 4 Child Factors | ||||
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| Child Factors | rA | rC | rE | rA | rC | rE |
| 1. Math Achievement | .27 (.10) ** | .24 (.06) *** | −.02 (.09) | .03 (.17) | .31 (.06) *** | .09 (.08) |
| 2. Reading Achievement | .19 (.09) * | .23 (.06) *** | −.04 (.09) | .05 (.18) | .21 (.06) *** | .14 (.08) |
| 3. Parent ATL | .50 (.10) *** | - | −.21 (.09) * | .45 (.12) *** | - | −.24 (.08) ** |
| 4. Parent Problem Behavior | .07 (.10) | −.32 (.14) * | −.02 (.09) | −.24 (.14) | −.19 (.13) | .14 (.08) |
| 5. Teacher ATL | .27 (.10) ** | - | −.08 (.09) | .43 (.15) ** | - | .11 (.13) |
| 6. Teacher Problem Behavior | −.30 (.16) | −.02 (.11) | .02 (.09) | −.32 (.17) | −.02 (.14) | .09 (.13) |
Note. K = Kindergarten. ATL = Approaches Toward Learning. rA = genetic correlation. rC = shared environmental correlation. rE = nonshared environmental correlation. Standardized parameter estimates are presented first, followed by standard errors in parentheses. Data are from ECLS-B.
*
p< .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001