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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2014 Sep 6;0:159–168. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.021

Figure 1. Levels of Cx40 (but not Cx43) are reduced in atrial homogenates of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Figure 1

Homogenates were prepared from atrial appendage samples from control hearts or from patients with paroxysmal (PAF) or chronic (CAF) atrial fibrillation, and Cx43 (A) and Cx40 (B) were detected by immunoblotting. Bands at the bottom are representative blots from two control samples and from two patients with PAF or CAF. Gels were loaded with equal amounts of total protein and were also blotted with antibodies directed against GAPDH (as a loading control). Graphs show the amounts (mean ± SEM) of immunoreactive connexin in each group determined by densitometry (adjusted for GAPDH densitometry and normalized to the mean control values). While the abundance of Cx43 did not differ significantly between control and disease groups, the mean level of Cx40 in the CAF group (but not the PAF group) was significantly less than in controls (*, p < 0.05, Student’s t test).