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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2014 Sep 6;0:159–168. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.08.021

Figure 5. Immunolocalization of Cx40 and N-cadherin shows reductions of Cx40 in sections from hearts of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Figure 5

Representative photomicrographs are shown for sections of atrial appendage samples from control hearts (left panels) or from patients with paroxysmal (PAF, center panels) or chronic (CAF, right panels) atrial fibrillation that were studied by double label immunofluorescence for Cx40 (red, top row) and N-cadherin (green, second row). The third row shows the overlay between Cx40 and N-cadherin; spots containing both connexins are shown in white, while those containing only N-cadherin are green and those containing only Cx40 are red. While the abundance of N-cadherin appears similar in all three samples, Cx40 is diminished in PAF and CAF. This results in fewer white spots and many “green only” spots in the overlay images for PAF and CAF. Bar, 40 μm.