Table 1.
A list of the species recorded in the study area with their families, vegetation type, life form and floristic categories.
| Family | Species | Vegetation type | Life form | Floristic categories |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aizoaceae | Aizoon canariense L. | Perennial | H | SA-SI + S-Z |
| Amaranthaceae | Aerva javonica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Scult. | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + S-Z |
| Amaranthus graecizans L. | Annual | Th | PAL | |
| Amaranthus viridis L. | Annual | Th | COSM | |
| Asclepiadaceae | Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton | Perennial | Ph | SA + S-Z |
| Perennialgularia tomentosa L. | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Boraginaceae | Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik var. decumbens | Annual | Th | SA-SI + S-Z |
| Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik var. macrocalyx Coss. & Kralik | Annual | Th | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Arnebia linearifolia A. DC. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk. subsp. bacciferum var. bacciferum | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Capparaceae | Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + S-Z |
| Caryophyllaceae | Gypsophila capillaries (Forssk.) C. Chr. | Annual | Th | SA |
| Gypsophila linearifolia (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Boiss. | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Gypsophila viscosa Murray | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Herniaria hemistemon J. Gay | Perennial | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Herniaria hirsuta L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Paronychia arabica (L.) DC. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Polycarpea robbairea (Kuntze) Greuter & Burdet | Perennial | H | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Pteranthus dichotomus Forssk. | Annual | Th | ME + SA + IR-TR | |
| Silene arabica Boiss. | Annual | Th | SA-SI | |
| Sperennialgularia diandra (Guss.) Boiss. | Annual | Th | ME + SA + IR-TR | |
| Sperennialgularia marina (L.) Bessler. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Chenopodiaceae | Atriplex leucoclada Boiss. var. turcomania (Moq.) Zohary. | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA-SI |
| Bassia eriophora (Schrad.) Asch. | Annual | Th | SA + IR-TR | |
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L. | Biennial | Th | COSM | |
| Chenopodium murale L. | Annual | Th | COSM | |
| Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss. | Perennial | Ch | S-Z | |
| Salsola villosa Schult. | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Salsola volkensii Schweinf. & Asch. | Perennial | Ch | COSM | |
| Suaeda pruinosa Lange | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA | |
| Cistaceae | Helianthemum lippi (L.) Dom. | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + S-Z |
| Helianthemum vesicarium Boiss. | Perennial | Ch | SA | |
| Cleomaceae | Cleome amblyocarpa Barrtte & Murb. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + S-Z |
| Compositae | Anthemis arvensis L. | Annual | Th | SA |
| Anthemis cotula L. | Annual | Th | SA | |
| Anthemis deserti (Boiss.) Eig. | Annual | Th | ME + SA | |
| Anthemis melampodina Delile. | Annual | Th | ME + SA | |
| Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss. | Annual | Th | ME + SA | |
| Anthemis scrobicularis Yavin. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Artemisia judaica L. | Perennial | Ch | SA | |
| Artemisia monosperennialma Delile. | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA | |
| Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. | Perennial | Ch | IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C. Christ. var. angustifolia Täckh. & Boulos. | Perennial | Th | ME | |
| Calendula arvensis L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Calendula tripterocarpa Rupr. | Annual | Th | PAN | |
| Carthamus nitidus Boiss. | Annual | Th | SA + IR-TR | |
| Carthamus oxycantha M. Bieb. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Centaurea pseudosinaica Czerep. | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Centaurea sinaica DC. | Annual | Th | IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Chamaemelum mixtum (L.) All. | Annual | Th | ME + SA | |
| Cotula anthemoides L. | Annual | Th | SA | |
| Cotula cinerea Delile. | Annual | Th | SA- SI | |
| Crepis nigricans Viv. | Annual | Th | SA | |
| Filago desertorum Pomel | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Garhadiolus angulosus Jaub. & Spach. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Glebionis coronaria (L.) Tzvelv. (= Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) | Annual | H | ME + SA-SI | |
| Gymnarrhena micrantha Desf. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Helichrysum conglobatum (Viv.) Steud. | Perennial | Th | ME | |
| Homognaphalium pulvinatum (Delile.) Fayed & Zareh. | Annual | Th | SA–SI + IR–TR | |
| Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch. Bip. subsp. albescens Chrtek. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Koelpinia linearis Pall. | Annual | Th | ME + SA + IR-TR | |
| Lactuca serriola L. | Annual or biennial | Th | IR-TR | |
| Lasiopogon muscoides (Desf.) DC. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy | Annual | Th | ME + SA–SI | |
| Launaea fragilis (Asso) Pau subsp. fragilis (= L. tenuiloba (Boiss.) Kuntze) | Annual | Th | ME + SA–SI | |
| Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl. subsp. mucronata | Short-Perennial | Th | SA–SI + IR–TR | |
| Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook. fil. | Perennial | Th | SA–SI + IR–TR + S–Z | |
| Leontodon hispidulus (Delile.) Boiss. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Leontodon laciniatus (Bertol.) Widder. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch. Bip. | Annual | Th | SA-SI | |
| Nauplius graveolens (Forssk.) Wiklund. (= Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less.) | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA-SI | |
| Picris altissima Delile. | Annual | Th | ME + SA | |
| Picris asplenioides L. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Picris cyanocarpa Boiss. | Annual | Th | SA | |
| Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt. | Annual | Th | ME + SA + IR-TR | |
| Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth | Perennial | Cr | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Senecio belbeysius Delile. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Senecio glaucus L. subsp. coronopifolius (Maire) C. Alexander (= S. desfontainei Druce) | Annual | Ch | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Sonchus oleraceus L. | Annual | Th | COSM | |
| Sonchus tenerrimus L. | Annual | Th | COSM | |
| Urosperennialmum picroides (L.) F.W. Schmidt | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Convolvulaceae | Convolvulus arvensis L. | Perennial | H | PAL |
| Cuscuta campestris Yunck. | Perennial | P | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Cruciferae | Arabidopsis kneuckeri (Bornm.) O. E. Schulz | Annual | Th | SA-SI |
| Carrichtera annualua (L.) DC. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm. | Annual or biennial | Th | SA | |
| Diplotaxis acris (Forssk.) Boiss. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Enarthrocarpus strangulatus Boiss. | Annual | Th | SA-SI | |
| Eruca sativa Mill. | Annual | Th | ME + SA + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Erucaria crassifolia (Forssk.) Delile | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Farsetia aegyptia Turra | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Farsetia stylosa R. Br. | Annual or short-Perennial | Th | SA-SI | |
| Horwoodia dicksoniae (Viv.) Turril | Annual | Th | SA-SI | |
| Matthiola arabica Boiss. | Annual | Th | SA | |
| Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Savignya parviflora (Delile) Web. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Schimperenniala arabica Hochst. & Steud. Ex Endl | Annual | Th | SA-SI | |
| Sisymbrium irio L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl subsp. spinosa | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Cucurbitaceae | Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. | Perennial | H | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR + S-Z |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia peplus L. | Annual | Th | COSM |
| Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Hort. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Euphorbia serpens Kunth. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Fumariaceae | Hypecoum pendulum L. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR |
| Geraniaceae | Erodium crassifolium L’ Hér. (= E. hirtum (Forssk.) Willd.) | Perennial | Th | SA-SI |
| Gramineae | Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. | Perennial | H | IR-TR |
| Bromus scoparius L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Bromus tectorum L. | Annual | Th | COSM | |
| Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) Benth. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Perennials. | Perennial | G | PAN | |
| Enneapogon lophotrichus Chiov. Ex H. Scholz & P. Köng | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Eragrostis aegyptiaca (Willd) Delile. | Annual | Th | S-Z | |
| Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Eremopyrum confusum Melderis | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Hordeum murinum L. subsp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelv | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Hordeum murinum L. subsp. leporinum (Link.) Arcang. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR + S-Z | |
| Lolium multiflorum Lam. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Lolium perennialenne L. | Annual | Th | COSM | |
| Lolium rigidum Gaudin | Annual | Th | ME + IR –TR | |
| Parapholis incurva (L.) C. E. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Phalaris paradoxa L. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Poa annualua L. | Annual or short-Perennial | Th | ME + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Polypogon maritimus Willd. | Annual | G | COSM | |
| Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Schismus arabicus Nees. | Annual | Th | ME + SA + IR-TR | |
| Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schutt. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR + S-Z | |
| Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) De Winter | Perennial | H | SA + IR-TR + SU | |
| Triticum aestivum L. | Annual | Th | SA + IR-TR + SU | |
| Labiatae | Phlomis brachyodon (Boiss.) Zoh. | Perennial | H | IR-TR |
| Salvia aegyptiaca L. | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Salvia lanigera Poir. | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA-SI | |
| Salvia spinosa L. | Perennial | H | ME + IR-TR | |
| Teucrium oliverianum Ging. ex. Benth. | Perennial | Ch | COSM | |
| Teucrium polium L. | Perennial | Ch | ME + IR-TR | |
| Leguminosae | Alhagi graecorum Boiss. | Perennial | Ch | ME + SA + IR-TR + SU |
| Astragalus bombycinus Boiss. | Annual | H | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Astragalus corrugatus Bertol. subsp. corrugatus | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Astragalus hauarensis Boiss. | Annual | H | IR-TR | |
| Astragulus schemperenniali Boiss. var. subsessilis | Annual | Th | ME | |
| Astragalus sieberi DC. | Perennial | Ch | SA + IR-TR | |
| Astragulus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Astragalus tribuloides Delile var. tribuloides | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Hippocrepis areolata Desv. | Annual | Th | ME + S-Z | |
| Hippocrepis cyclocarpa Murb. | Annual | Th | ME | |
| Hippocrepis multisiliquosa L. | Annual | Th | IR-TR | |
| Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. var. brachyacantha Boiss. | Annual | Th | SA-SI | |
| Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill. var. laciniata | Annual | Th | SA-SI | |
| Medicago monospeliaca (L.) Trautv. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Medicago polymorpha L. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR + EU-SI | |
| Melilotus albus Medik. | Annual | Th | ME + SA + IR-TR | |
| Melilotus indicus (L.) All. | Annual | Th | PAL | |
| Onobrychis ptolemaica (Delile.) DC. | Perennial | H | IR-TR | |
| Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Perennials. subsp. Leptostachya (DC.) Brummitt, Bol. | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Trigonella hamosa L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI | |
| Trigonella laciniata L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Trigonella stellata Forssk. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Malvaceae | Malva parviflora L. | Annual | Th | PAN |
| Orobanchaceae | Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout. | Perennial | P | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR + S-Z |
| Orobanche tinctoria Forssk | Perennial | P | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Plantaginaceae | Plantago amplexicaulis Cav. subsp. Bauphula (Edgew.) Rech. f. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR |
| Plantago ciliata Desf. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Plantago crassifolia Forssk. | Annual | H | ME | |
| Plantago lagopus L. | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR | |
| Plantago lanceolata L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Plantago ovata Forssk. | Annual | Th | SA + IR-TR | |
| Plantago psammophila Agnew & Chalibi-Ka, bi. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Polygonaceae | Emex spinosa (L.) Campd. | Annual | Th | PAN |
| Polygonum equisetiforme Sm. | Annual | Ch | M + IR-TR | |
| Rumex vesicarius L. | Perennial | Th | ME + SA-SI + S-Z | |
| Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea L. | Annual | Th | ME + SA-SI |
| Primulaceae | Anagallis arvensis L. var. arvensis | Annual | Th | ME + IR-TR + EU-SI |
| Resedaceae | Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl ex Hornem.) J. F. Macbr. (= Reseda linifolia Vahl ex Hornem.) | Annual | Th | ME + SA + S-Z |
| Reseda muricata C. Presl. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Scrophulariaceae | Veronica polita Fr. (= V. didyma sensu auct) | Annual | Th | M + IR-TR |
| Solanaceae | Hyoscyamus muticus L. | Perennial | Ch | SA-SI + IR-TR |
| Solanum nigrum L. | Perennial | Ch | COSM | |
| Umbelliferae | Ammi majus L. | Annual | Th | ME |
| Anisosciadium isociadum Bornm | Annual | Th | SA + IR-TR | |
| Anisosciadium lanatum Boiss. | Annual | Th | SA + IR-TR | |
| Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. | Perennial | Ch | SA–SI | |
| Ducrosia anethifolia | Perennial | Th | IR-TR | |
| Ferula ovina | Perennial | Ch | IR-TR | |
| Pteroselinum crispum (Mill.) A. W. Hill. = P. Sativum (L.) P. Hoffm. | Biennial | Th | PAL | |
| Tordylium aegyptiacum (L.) Poir. | Annual | Th | ME + SA | |
| Urticaceae | Forsskaolea tenacissima L. | Annual | H | SA-SI + S-Z |
| Zygophyllaceae | Fagonia bruguieri DC. | Perennial | H | SA-SI + IR-TR |
| Fagonia glutinosa Delile. | Perennial | H | SA-SI | |
| Peganum harmala L. | Perennial | H | ME + SA–SI + IR–TR | |
| Tribulus macropterus Boiss. | Annual | Ch | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Tribulus megistopterus Kralik. | Annual | Ch | SA-SI + IR-TR | |
| Zygophyllum simplex L. | Annual | Th | SA-SI + S-Z |
Vegetation type: Annual = annualual; Bi = biennial; Perennial = perennialennial; s-Perennial = short perennialennial.
Life form:-Ch = chamaephytes; Cr = cryptophytes; G = geophytes; H = hemicryptophytes; P = parasites; Ph = phanerophytes; Th = therophytes.
Floristic categories (the Chorotypes): COSM = Cosmopolitan; EU-SI = Euro-Siberian; IR-TR = Irano-Turanian; ME = Mediterranean; PAL = Palaeotropical; PAN = Pantropical; S-Z = Sudano-Zambezian; SA = SaharoArabian; SA-SI = Saharo-Sindian; SU = Sudanian; TR = Tropical.