Table 1. Strabismus in 107 patients <19 years diagnosed with childhood ptosis in Olmstead County, Minnesota from 1965 to 2004.
| Ptosis Etiology | Number (%) | Strabismus Cases (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exotropia (XT) | Esotropia (ET) | Other Forms of Straismus | ||
| Congenital | ||||
| Simple Congenital Ptosis | 81 (75.7) | 4 (4.9)a | 4 (4.9) | 0 |
| Blepharophimosis | 3 (2.8) | 1 (33) | 0 | 0 |
| Congenital CNIII Palsy | 3 (2.8) | 0 | 0 | 3 (100) |
| Marcus Gunn Jaw Wink | 3 (3.8) | 0 | 1 (33) | 0 |
| Congenital Horner's Syndrome | 2 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Central Core Myopathy | 1 (0.93) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| CFEOM | 1 (0.93) | 0 | 0 | 1 (100) |
| Myotonic Dystrophy | 1 (0.93) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Noonan Syndrome | 1 (0.93) | 0 | 1 (100)b | 0 |
| Acquired | ||||
| Aponeurotic Dehiscence | 4 (3.7) | 0 | 1 (25) | 0 |
| Acquired CN III Palsy | 2 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 2 (100) |
| Acquired Horner's Syndrome | 2 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Traumatic Structural Ptosis | 2 (1.9) | 0 | 0 | 1 (50) |
| Childhood Myasthenia Gravis | 1 (1.9) | 1 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 107 | 6 (5.6) | 7 (6.5) | 7 (6.5) |
CFEOM = congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles; CN = cranial nerve.
a
One XT patient with additional overactive inferior oblique muscles, and another XT patient with dissociated vertical deviation.
b
Child with both ET and left hypertropia.