Table 5. Summary of the effects of beer, liquor and wine on SUA or gout by study.
| Study | Design | Population | Beer | Liquor | Wine | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUA | Gout | SUA | Gout | SUA | Gout | |||
| Eastmond, 1995 (143) | Pre-post comparison | 4 gout patients | ↑ | - | ↔ | - | - | - |
| van der Gaag, 2000 (144) | Randomized cross-over trial | 11 males | ↑ | - | ↑ | - | ↑ | - |
| Choi, 2004 (70) | Prospective cohort | 47,150 males without historyof gout | - | ↑ | - | ↑ | - | ↔ |
| Choi, 2004 (68) | Cross-sectional | 14,809 males and females | ↑ | - | ↑** | - | ↔ | - |
| Zhang, 2006 (145) | Case-crossover | 197 gout patients | - | ↑ | - | ↑ | - | ↑ |
| Yu, 2008 (78) | Cross-sectional | 2176 males and females | ↑* | - | - | - | - | - |
| Gaffo, 2010 (69) | Cross-sectional | 3123 males and females | ↑** | - | ↑* | - | ↔ | - |
| Neogi, 2014 (146) | Case-crossover | 724 gout patients | - | ↑ | - | ↑ | - | ↑ |
SUA: serum uric acid
*
effect noted only in males
**
effect stronger in females