TABLE 2 ] .
Characteristics of Patients Cared for in APACHE ICUs With and Without NP/PA Participation in Direct Patient Care
| Characteristic | NP/PA (n = 30,254) | No NP/PA (n = 9,287) | P Value |
| Age, y | 61.4 ± 17.1 | 62.8 ± 17.3 | < .001 |
| Male sex | 16,188 (53.5) | 5,038 (54.3) | .21 |
| Race | < .001 | ||
| White | 26,153 (86.4) | 7,489 (80.6) | |
| Black | 2,736 (9.0) | 1,224 (13.2) | |
| Other | 1,365 (4.5) | 574 (6.2) | |
| APS, d 1 of ICU admission, 0-252 | 42.4 ± 25.7 | 46.7 ± 28.4 | < .001 |
| Mechanically ventilated on day 1 of ICU admission | 11,751 (38.8) | 4,106 (44.2) | < .001 |
| Emergency surgery | 912 (3.0) | 339 (3.7) | .002 |
| Pre-ICU length of stay, d | 0.97 ± 11.4 | 1.08 ± 5.4 | .37 |
| In-hospital mortality | 4,147 (13.7) | 1,335 (14.4) | .10 |
| Primary diagnosis group | < .001 | ||
| Cardiac | 4,764 (15.8) | 1,022 (11.0) | |
| Medicine | 4,447 (14.7) | 1,419 (15.3) | |
| Neurosurgery | 851 (2.8) | 228 (2.5) | |
| Postarrest | 1,057 (3.5) | 322 (3.5) | |
| Respiratory | 4,843 (16.0) | 1,385 (14.9) | |
| Sepsis | 3,117 (10.3) | 1,387 (14.9) | |
| Trauma | 1,598 (5.3) | 522 (5.6) | |
| Surgery | 4,260 (14.0) | 1,428 (15.4) | |
| Other | 5,317 (17.6) | 1,574 (16.9) | |
| Comorbidities | |||
| AIDS | 77 (0.3) | 70 (0.8) | < .001 |
| Cirrhosis | 856 (2.8) | 310 (3.3) | .01 |
| Diabetes | 9,511(31.4) | 3,041 (31.1) | .49 |
| Liver failure | 350 (1.2) | 138 (1.5) | .01 |
| Immunosuppression | 1,688 (5.6) | 826 (8.9) | < .001 |
| Lymphoma | 205 (0.7) | 75 (0.8) | .19 |
| Leukemia/multiple myeloma | 278 (0.9) | 115 (1.2) | .007 |
| Tumors with metastasis | 1,263 (4.2) | 406 (4.4) | .41 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or No. (%). Percentages may not total 100% due to rounding. APS = Acute Physiology Score. See Table 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviations.