Table 5. Overview of technical complications for the different ECMO systems.
| ECMO systems | All | PLS | CH | HL | ECC | Others |
| Type of membrane | PMP | PMP | PMP | PMP | PMP | |
| Biocompatible coating | Heparin (Bioline) | Heparin (Bioline) | Heparin (Rheoparin) | Phosphoryl-cholin | Heparin | |
| MO exchange-surface (m2) | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.2 | ||
| Heat exchanger material, surface (m2) | Polyurethan 0.6 | Polyurethan 0.6 | Polyurethan 0.45 | Steel 0.14 | ||
| Type of blood pump | Centrifugal (Rotaflow) | Centrifugal integrated (Rotassist) | Diagonal (Deltastream DP3) | Centrifugal integrated (Revolution) | ||
| All patients, n (% of all) | 265 | 112 (42) | 51 (19) | 47 (18) | 36 (14) | 4 (2)b, 15 (6)a |
| Patients with exchange, n (% of all patients) | 83 (31) | 36 (32) | 18 (35) | 14 (30) | 9 (25) | 1 (25) b, 5 (30) a |
| Acute exchange | 37 (45) | 15 (42) | 11 (61) | 3 (21) | 5 (56) | 3 (50) |
| Mechanical failure | 8 (10) | 5 (14) | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | 1 (17)a |
| Cannula | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (17) |
| Pump | 5 (6) | 4 (11) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| MO | 2 (2) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Acute clot formation | 29 (35) | 10 (28) | 11 (61) | 1 (7) | 5 (55,5) | 2 (33) |
| Pump head | 13 (16) | 5 (14) | 5 (28) | 0 (0) | 2 (22,2) | 1 (17)a |
| MO | 16 (19) | 5 (14) | 6 (33) | 1 (7) | 3 (33,3) | 1 (17)a |
| Elective exchange | 46 (55) | 21 (58) | 7 (39) | 11 (79) | 4 (44) | 3 (50) |
| Progressive clot formation | 42 (50) | 19 (53) | 7 (39) | 9 (64) | 4 (44) | 3 (50) |
| Worsening of gas transfer | 10 (12) | 6 (17) | 1 (6) | 1 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (33)a+b |
| Device-related coagulation disorder | 32 (39) | 13 (36) | 6 (33) | 8 (57) | 4 (44) | 1 (17)a |
| Suspected infection | 4 (5) | 2 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (14) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
PLS = PLS-System and CH = Cardiohelp-System, Maquet Cardiopulmonary, Hirrlingen, Germany. HL = Hilite7000LT oxygenator-System, Medos Medizintechnik, Stolberg, Germany. ECC = ECC.05 system, Sorin Group, Modena, Italy. Others: aiLA-activve-system, Novalung, Heilbronn, Germany;
b
Quadrox-ID Pediatric oxygenator + Rotaflow pump, Maquet Cardiopulmonary, Hirrlingen, Germany. PMP = Polymethylpenten. Data are presented as n (%).