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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Rep. 2014 Oct 1;543(1):1–60. doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2014.05.001

Figure 10.

Figure 10

A vesicular structure with two genus (g = 2) and one hole (h = 1), for which the Euler number χ = −3. A hole is different from a genus in that it is constituted by a tear in the membrane surface. The membrane shape is adopted from the geometry models provided with Javaview (URL http://www.javaview.de).