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(a) States of a symmetric transmembrane ion channel embedded inside a membrane bilayer. The membrane is at and has no induced-curvature when the channel is in the closed state (i) and when the channel transitions to the open state the membrane is spontaneously curved under the influence of the induced-curvature (ii). (b) Curvature induction due to the insertion of an asymmetric transmembrane protein (i) and due to the partial insertion of an amphipathic entity as shown in (ii).
