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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Rep. 2014 Oct 1;543(1):1–60. doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2014.05.001

Figure 20.

Figure 20

(a) Liposome tubulation by F-BAR proteins, Synapdin, and Dynamin (Reprinted from Dev. Cell, 9 (6), Itoh et. al., Dynamin and the Actin Cytoskeleton Cooperatively Regulate Plasma Membrane Invagination by BAR and F-BAR Proteins, 791–804, Copyright (2005), with permission from Elsevier), (b) A cartoon of the helical organization of Dynamin proteins on a tube they constrict. (c) Snapshot from a 27 ns molecular dynamics simulation of an N-BAR domain interacting with a DOPC/DOPS membrane (Image from P. Blood and G. Voth, Direct observation of Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs(BAR) domain-induced membrane curvature by means of molecular dynamics simulations, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 103, 15068–15072 [212] - Copyright (2006) National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A) (d) All atom simulations of Amphiphysin N-BAR domains—in its dimeric form and arranged in a staggered conformation—shows the generation of spontaneous directional curvature (Reprinted from Structure, 17 (6), Ying Yin, Anton Arkhipov, Klaus Schulten, Simulations of Membrane Tubulation by Lattices of Amphiphysin N-BAR Domains, 882–892, Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier).