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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Phys Rep. 2014 Oct 1;543(1):1–60. doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2014.05.001

Figure 21.

Figure 21

Shown in (a) is a flat bilayer with negatively charged head group and its hydrophobic tails oriented along the surface normal, in (b) is the tilted phase of a membrane, where the orientation of its tail molecules subtends an angle with the surface normal, and in (c) is a Gemini surfactant molecule, with its dimeric heads linked by a rigid spacer.