Figure 25.

Shown are two different aspects of the inner tubes. On the left, the transparent view reveals the tubes grown into the interior of the membrane. The nematic field orientation on the exterior surface and also on the inner tubes are shown in the right panel; for $C_0^{\Vert }<0$, the nematic field always orients along the minimal principal curvature direction, with this direction corresponding to c₂ = 0 on the outer surface and c₂ < 0 on the inner tubes.