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. 2014 Nov 10;32(35):3989–3995. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.56.8220

Table A4.

Association Between Smoking Status and Risk of a Second Primary Smoking-Associated Cancer Among Survivors of Lung, Bladder, Kidney, and Head/Neck Cancers

First Primary Cancer Cohort Smoking Status No Second Cancer Second Cancer HR 95% CI
Stage I Lung NIH-AARP Never 77 0 1.00
Former 698 16 > 1,000
Current 501 16 > 1,000
AHS Never 19 0 1.00
Former 29 1 19.85
Current 34 1 0.23
IWHS Never 29 1 1.00
Former 42 0 0.00
Current 95 4 1.46 0.08 to 27.54
PLCO Never 61 2 1.00
Former 325 8 0.48 0.09 to 2.49
Current 242 14 1.31 0.26 to 6.58
Bladder NIH-AARP Never 656 14 1.00
Former 2,529 153 2.64 1.52 to 4.59
Current 762 60 3.63 2.02 to 6.52
AHS Never 73 2 1.00
Former 113 2 0.52 0.06 to 4.84
Current 54 2 0.64 0.07 to 6.19
IWHS Never 101 6 1.00
Former 52 1 0.32 0.04 to 2.73
Current 56 9 2.36 0.73 to 7.63
PLCO Never 250 6 1.00
Former 629 28 1.77 0.72 to 4.36
Current 199 19 4.53 1.74 to 11.8
Kidney NIH-AARP Never 579 12 1.00
Former 1,011 47 2.23 1.17 to 4.25
Current 274 19 3.74 1.79 to 7.79
AHS Never 92 0 1.00
Former 69 2
Current 32 0
IWHS Never 126 4 1.00
Former 39 1 1.12 0.10 to 12.7
Current 24 2 7.74 0.76 to 78.8
PLCO Never 232 3 1.00
Former 252 21 5.45 1.56 to 19.05
Current 66 5 5.77 1.29 to 25.85
Head/neck NIH-AARP Never 319 10 1.00
Former 814 67 2.43 1.24 to 4.76
Current 540 65 3.97 2.02 to 7.82
AHS Never 63 1 1.00
Former 46 5 1.37 0.10 to 18.6
Current 51 4 1.78 0.13 to 25.2
IWHS Never 82 3 1.00
Former 30 1 2.23 0.37 to 13.5
Current 37 4 1.24 0.11 to 14.3
PLCO Never 78 4 1.00
Former 189 27 2.39 0.81 to 7.05
Current 125 20 3.66 1.18 to 11.3

NOTE. Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, cohort, time from baseline to first cancer, and follow-up time. Excludes Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study, as this cohort was limited to current smokers.

Abbreviations: AHS, Agricultural Health Study; HR, hazard ratio, IWHS, Iowa Women's Health Study; NIH-AARP, National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.