Table A4.
Association Between Smoking Status and Risk of a Second Primary Smoking-Associated Cancer Among Survivors of Lung, Bladder, Kidney, and Head/Neck Cancers
| First Primary Cancer | Cohort | Smoking Status | No Second Cancer | Second Cancer | HR | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage I Lung | NIH-AARP | Never | 77 | 0 | 1.00 | |
| Former | 698 | 16 | > 1,000 | — | ||
| Current | 501 | 16 | > 1,000 | — | ||
| AHS | Never | 19 | 0 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 29 | 1 | 19.85 | — | ||
| Current | 34 | 1 | 0.23 | — | ||
| IWHS | Never | 29 | 1 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 42 | 0 | 0.00 | — | ||
| Current | 95 | 4 | 1.46 | 0.08 to 27.54 | ||
| PLCO | Never | 61 | 2 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 325 | 8 | 0.48 | 0.09 to 2.49 | ||
| Current | 242 | 14 | 1.31 | 0.26 to 6.58 | ||
| Bladder | NIH-AARP | Never | 656 | 14 | 1.00 | |
| Former | 2,529 | 153 | 2.64 | 1.52 to 4.59 | ||
| Current | 762 | 60 | 3.63 | 2.02 to 6.52 | ||
| AHS | Never | 73 | 2 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 113 | 2 | 0.52 | 0.06 to 4.84 | ||
| Current | 54 | 2 | 0.64 | 0.07 to 6.19 | ||
| IWHS | Never | 101 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 52 | 1 | 0.32 | 0.04 to 2.73 | ||
| Current | 56 | 9 | 2.36 | 0.73 to 7.63 | ||
| PLCO | Never | 250 | 6 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 629 | 28 | 1.77 | 0.72 to 4.36 | ||
| Current | 199 | 19 | 4.53 | 1.74 to 11.8 | ||
| Kidney | NIH-AARP | Never | 579 | 12 | 1.00 | |
| Former | 1,011 | 47 | 2.23 | 1.17 to 4.25 | ||
| Current | 274 | 19 | 3.74 | 1.79 to 7.79 | ||
| AHS | Never | 92 | 0 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 69 | 2 | — | — | ||
| Current | 32 | 0 | — | — | ||
| IWHS | Never | 126 | 4 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 39 | 1 | 1.12 | 0.10 to 12.7 | ||
| Current | 24 | 2 | 7.74 | 0.76 to 78.8 | ||
| PLCO | Never | 232 | 3 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 252 | 21 | 5.45 | 1.56 to 19.05 | ||
| Current | 66 | 5 | 5.77 | 1.29 to 25.85 | ||
| Head/neck | NIH-AARP | Never | 319 | 10 | 1.00 | |
| Former | 814 | 67 | 2.43 | 1.24 to 4.76 | ||
| Current | 540 | 65 | 3.97 | 2.02 to 7.82 | ||
| AHS | Never | 63 | 1 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 46 | 5 | 1.37 | 0.10 to 18.6 | ||
| Current | 51 | 4 | 1.78 | 0.13 to 25.2 | ||
| IWHS | Never | 82 | 3 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 30 | 1 | 2.23 | 0.37 to 13.5 | ||
| Current | 37 | 4 | 1.24 | 0.11 to 14.3 | ||
| PLCO | Never | 78 | 4 | 1.00 | ||
| Former | 189 | 27 | 2.39 | 0.81 to 7.05 | ||
| Current | 125 | 20 | 3.66 | 1.18 to 11.3 |
NOTE. Adjusted for age, sex, race, education, body mass index, cohort, time from baseline to first cancer, and follow-up time. Excludes Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study, as this cohort was limited to current smokers.
Abbreviations: AHS, Agricultural Health Study; HR, hazard ratio, IWHS, Iowa Women's Health Study; NIH-AARP, National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study; PLCO, Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial.