Figure 4. Metformin attenuates necrosis induced by cardiotoxin treatment.

Differentiated C2C12 were pretreated with metformin at different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 1, 5 mM) for 23 hours and then incubated with cardiotoxin (1 uM) for 1 h. Necrosis was estimated by measuring the LDH activity in the medium and by normalizing it with the total protein content. Data are expressed as fold change compared to controls and represent the mean of three experiments ± SE, *p<0.05, **p<0.01.