Table 1. Efficacy results of pharmacological interventions in reducing the onset time of rocuronium.
| Intervention | Control | No of studies | No of patients | Mean difference* (95% CI) | Heterogeneity I2 (%), P value | References |
| Priming with NDMRs | No priming | 13 | 822 | −20.86 (−27.02, −14.70) | 90, <0.001 | 20–33 |
| Priming with rocuronium | No priming | 13 | 792 | −20.96 (−27.57, −14.34) | 90, <0.001 | 20–33 |
| AMG | No priming | 3 | 121 | −17.89 (−30.57, −5.20) | 83, <0.001 | 20,26,33 |
| MMG | No priming | 4 | 162 | −16.54 (−23.36, −9.72) | 72, 0.01 | 22,24,28,32 |
| EMG | No priming | 3 | 166 | −40.00 (−47.63, −32.37) | 12, 0.33 | 25, 29,30 |
| Priming with mivacurium | No priming | 1 | 20 | −32.00 (−38.94, −25.06) | NA | 28 |
| Priming with pancuronium | No priming | 1 | 20 | −7.6 (−17.34, 2.14) | NA | 26 |
| Priming + ketamine | Ketamine | 1 | 30 | 1 (−20.26, 20.26) | NA | 32 |
| Priming + thiopentone | Thiopentone | 1 | 30 | −29.00 (−54.77, −3.23) | NA | 27 |
| Priming + MgSO4 | No priming | 1 | 46 | −94.00 (−117.80, −70.20) | NA | 25 |
| Pretreatment: | ||||||
| MgSO4 pretreatment | No pretreatment | 4 | 240 | −28.21 (−50.85, −5.56) | 81, <0.001 | 25, 40–42 |
| Ephedrine pretreatment | No pretreatment | 5 | 282 | −22.28 (−29.06, −15.50) | 83, <0.001 | 34–38 |
| Lidocaine pretreatment | No pretreatment | 3 | 168 | −11.90 (−27.16, 3.37) | 0, 0.71 | 45–47 |
| Midazolam pretreatment | No pretreatment | 1 | 22 | 5.40 (-25.24, 36.04) | NA | 48 |
| Esmolol pretreatment | No pretreatment | 2 | 62 | 25.21 (20.10, 30.33) | 0, 0.83 | 34,38 |
| Suxamethonium pretreatment | Sham | 2 | 54 | -18.09 (-20.20, -15.97) | 35, 0.21 | 43,44 |
| Phenylephrine pretreatment | Saline | 1 | 64 | 12.00 (4.10, 19.90) | NA | 39 |
| Admixture | ||||||
| Mivacurium admixture | No admixture | 7 | 459 | -1.46 (-16.64, 13.72) | 93, <0.001 | 51–57 |
| <0.07 mg/kg | No admixture | 3 | 86 | 9.55 (−2.31, 21.41) | 45, 0.14 | 51, 52, 54 |
| 0.07–0.15 mg/kg | No admixture | 7 | 373 | −1.21 (−20.03, 17.60) | 94, <0.001 | 51–57 |
| Sodium bicarbonate admixture | No admixture | 2 | 120 | −40.12 (−54.32, −25.92) | 89, 0.002 | 49, 50 |
| Cisatracurium admixture | No admixture | 1 | 38 | 6.00 (−24.52, 36.52) | NA | 58 |
| Anticonvulsant therapy | No therapy | 3 | 134 | 24.02 (1.67, 46.37) | 0, 0.84 | 59–61 |
NA: Not applicable; NDMRs: non-depolarizing muscle relaxants; AMG: acceleromyography; MMG: mechanomyography; EMG: electromyography; MgSO4: magnesium sulphate; *Random effects model