Table 3.

Psychopathology and Adverse Effects Outcomes

Pooled Antidepressants vs. Placebo
Continuous Outcome	N Studies	N Participants	Hedges’ g	95% CI	p	I2%
Total Psychopathologya	11	491	−0.27	−0.60,0.07	0.12	65
Positive Symptomsa	11	500	−0.14	−0.45,0.17	0.38	60
Negative Symptomsa	11	500	−0.29	−0.62,0.05	0.09	64
Depression (HAM-D-predominant)a	9	455	−0.14	−0.47,0.18	0.39	58
Depression (CDSS-predominant)a	9	455	−0.22	−0.53,0.09	0.17	54
EPS: Any	8	407	−0.13	−0.33,0.06	0.18	13
Parkinsonism	7	360	−0.11	−0.32,0.10	0.30	21
Akathisiaa	4	265	−0.64	−1.71,0.43	0.24	85b
Dyskinesia	3	230	−0.13	−0.39,0.13	0.32	39

Categorical Outcome	N	n	RR	95% CI	p	I2%
Discontinuation: All-cause	11	568	1.16	0.85,1.59	0.36	0
Discontinuation: Inefficacy	10	540	0.39	0.12,1.33	0.13	0
Discontinuation: Intolerability	10	540	1.79	0.75,4.27	0.19	0
Discontinuation: Other Reasons	10	540	1.33	0.84,2.11	0.22	0
<50% Decrease in PANSS Total Score	7	442	1.00	0.98,1.03	0.71	0
<20% Decrease in Any Negative Symptom Rating Scale	7	236	0.96	0.87,1.06	0.47	0
≥20% Increase in PANSS Total Score	4	163	2.70	0.47,15.32	0.26	0
Study-defined Inefficacy (with HAM-D)	3	272	0.78	0.68,0.91	0.0009	0
Study-defined Inefficacy (with CDSS)	3	272	0.76	0.65,0.90	0.0009	0
Total Neuropsychiatric Adverse Events	4	312	1.11	0.96,1.28	0.16	0
Total Neurological Adverse Events	4	312	1.24	0.83,1.85	0.30	12
Headache	4	312	1.06	0.56,2.00	0.86	16
Total Psychiatric Adverse Events	6	389	1.08	0.85,1.39	0.53	0
Suicidal Ideation	4	213	0.50	0.18,1.39	0.19	N/A
Worsening of Psychosis	5	168	3.08	0.65,14.54	0.16	0
Psychiatric Hospitalization	4	359	1.39	0.43,4.49	0.58	0
Insomnia	4	312	1.45	0.82,2.57	0.21	17
Sedation	4	118	2.91	1.03,8.17	0.04	0
Weakness/Fatigue	3	272	0.71	0.41,1.23	0.22	0
Agitation/Irritability	4	319	1.03	0.44,2.41	0.94	0
Total GI Adverse Events	4	312	1.17	0.99,1.39	0.06	0
Total Metabolic Adverse Eventsa	3	272	2.67	0.52,13.84	0.24	62b
Increase in Appetite	3	272	1.34	0.59,3.05	0.48	0
Weight Gain	4	300	2.08	0.87,4.97	0.10	1
Total Cardiorespiratory Adverse Events	3	272	1.03	0.60,1.77	0.92	0
Total Cardiac Adverse Events	3	272	0.93	0.43,2.00	0.85	0
Total Respiratory Adverse Events	3	272	1.14	0.50,2.61	0.75	0
Total Ophthalmological Adverse Events	3	291	0.36	0.10,1.33	0.13	15

For continuous outcomes, negative Hedges’ g favors treatment group; for categorical outcomes values < 1 favor treatment group; fixed effects models, except where noted

Bolded p-value: p < 0.05

^aRandom effects

^b< 3 studies available per subgroup so planned subanalyses not run

Abbreviations CDSS: Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale