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. 2014 Aug 14;10(4):342–359. doi: 10.1007/s13181-014-0417-0

Table 13.

Cardiovascular agents

N (%)
Beta blockers 185 (26.9)
 Metoprolol 69 (10.0)
 Propranolol 41 (6.0)
 Atenolol 37 (5.4)
 Carvedilol 13 (1.9)
 Labetalol 13 (1.9)
 Nebivolol 6 (0.9)
 Miscellaneousa 6 (0.9)
Calcium channel antagonists 116 (16.9)
 Amlodipine 61 (8.9)
 Diltiazem 24 (3.5)
 Verapamil 19 (2.8)
 Nifedipine 10 (1.5)
 Miscellaneousb 2 (0.3)
ACE inhibitors 64 (9.3)
 Lisinopril 53 (7.7)
 Enalapril 6 (0.9)
 Miscellaneousc 6 (0.9)
Angiotensin receptor blockers 10 (1.5)
 Losartan 6 (0.9)
 Miscellaneousd 4 (0.6)
Cardiac glycosides 53 (7.7)
 Digoxin 52 (7.6)
 Digitoxin 1 (0.1)
Sympatholytics 154 (22.4)
 Clonidine 129 (18.8)
 Guanfacine 21 (3.1)
 Xylazine 4 (0.6)
Diuretics 32 (4.7)
 Hydrochlorothiazide 10 (1.5)
 Furosemide 9 (1.3)
 Miscellaneouse 13 (1.9)
Other antihypertensives and vasodilators 44 (6.4)
 Prazosin 13 (1.9)
 Cilostazol 11 (1.6)
 Miscellaneousf 20 (2.9)
Antidysrhythmics 11 (1.6)
 Amiodarone 5 (0.7)
 Miscellaneousg 6 (0.9)
Other cardiovascular agents 12 (1.7)
 Atorvastatin 5 (0.7)
 Miscellaneoush 7 (1.0)

aIncludes nadolol, bisoprolol, and pindolol

bIncludes aranidipine and felodipine

cIncludes benazepril, perindopril, quinapril

dIncludes valsartan, and candesartan

eIncludes acetazolamide, spironolactone, pamabrom, chlorthalidone, and torsemide

fIncludes alkyl nitrite, isosorbide, antihypertensive unspecified, doxazosin, nitroglycerin, terazosin, amyl nitrite, hydralazine, and tamsulosin

gIncludes propafenone, flecainide, and mexiletine

hIncludes cardiovascular agent unspecified, lovastatin, pravastatin, and ranolazine