AQP4 immunoreactivity is absent in Aqp4−/− mice. To ensure the specificity of the anti-AQP4 primary antibody used in the present study, we conducted immunolabeling of control and TBI-treated brains from Aqp4−/− mice perfused 7 d after injury. Although GFAP expression was readily detectable in control (A), contralateral TBI (B), and ipsilateral TBI (C) cortex, no AQP4 immunoreactivity was detectable. Scale bar, 20 μm.