Figure 4.

Operant task and behavior. A, Operant task. Fixation was followed by cue presentation and a delay period. After target presentation, monkeys were required to make a saccade to the location where the target appeared to obtain the outcome predicted by the cue. Cues were the same as those in the space-irrelevant task, and their associated outcomes did not depend on which location the cue appeared in. After learning, reward contingencies were reversed. B, Hit rate (proportion of correct trials given that target had appeared) following reward/neutral cue presentation. Green asterisk indicates that hit rate was greater following reward cues (χ² test, p ∼ 0). Error bars indicate standard error. C, Reaction times in the same format as B. Green asterisk indicates that reaction times were faster following reward cues (Wilcoxon, p < 10⁻¹⁰⁷).