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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Behav. 2014 Sep 28;41:20–28. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.021

Table 4. Odds Ratio of Survival (i.e., No Opioid Use).

Class Comparison OR (95% CI) z p
Class 1 to Class 2 0.37 (95% CI: 0.26-0.52) -5.74 <0.001
Class 1 to Class 3 0.35 (95% CI: 0.27-0.45) -8.15 <0.001
Class 1 to Class 4 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55-1.00) -1.98 <0.05

Note. Class 1 is the reference group for all comparisons. Class 1 was used as the reference group because members of this class overall used opioids earliest. These odds ratios were generated by discrete survival analysis at each time point and they give the odds of opioid use occurring.