Table 4.
Before | After | difference | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (baseline 15 to 25 years) | |||
26 to 35 years | −0.127** (0.045) | 0.119* (0.054) | ** |
36 to 45 years | −0.513** (0.052) | −0.140* (0.062) | ** |
46 to 55 years | −1.174** (0.071) | −0.637** (0.078) | ** |
Education (baseline less than primary) | |||
Complete primary | 0.185** (0.049) | 0.244** (0.065) | |
Complete middle school | 0.119* (0.050) | 0.302** (0.064) | * |
Complete high school or technical degree | −0.085 (0.061) | 0.170* (0.075) | ** |
Complete college or more | −0.496** (0.087) | 0.143 (0.092) | ** |
Marital status (baseline single) | |||
Married | 0.255** (0.047) | 0.203** (0.056) | |
Cohabiting | 0.248** (0.057) | 0.002 (0.067) | ** |
Separated, divorced, or widowed | −0.046 (0.129) | −0.123 (0.139) | |
Born out of state | 0.087 (0.045) | 0.278** (0.051) | * |
Employment (baseline not econ. active) | |||
Employed informal sector | 0.381** (0.048) | 0.206** (0.055) | * |
Employed formal sector | −0.221** (0.059) | −0.551** (0.071) | ** |
Unemployed | 0.937** (0.075) | 0.551** (0.080) | ** |
Household Variables | |||
Number of household members | 0.080** (0.009) | 0.105** (0.011) | |
Number of children in household | −0.037* (0.017) | −0.116** (0.021) | ** |
Household income | −0.014** (0.003) | −0.025** (0.003) | * |
Contextual Variables | |||
Mean wages | −0.049** (0.005) | −0.036** (0.005) | |
Unemployment rate | 0.052** (0.014) | 0.067** (0.014) | |
Ave. age of men | −0.077 (0.043) | −0.209** (0.050) | * |
Int. migrant networks | 0.040** (0.002) | 0.039** (0.003) | |
Urbanization (baseline <2,500) | |||
Population 2,500 to 14,999 | −0.194** (0.047) | −0.354** (0.057) | * |
Population 15,000 to 99,999 | −0.435** (0.058) | −0.522** (0.068) | |
Population ≥ 100,000 | −0.718** (0.044) | −0.801** (0.051) | |
Region | |||
Historic region | 0.549** (0.040) | 0.479** (0.048) | |
Border region | 0.342** (0.058) | 0.364** (0.069) | |
Border Enforcement | |||
Staffing in Southwest sector | −0.085* (0.039) | −0.120** (0.018) | |
Constant | 0.113 (1.382) | 4.162** (1.598) | |
N | 243,136 | 379,733 |
p < .05;
p < .01 (two-tailed tests)