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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2014 Jul 2;192(2):254–262. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.054

Figure 5. Representative pathway for CTF transmembrane signaling.

Figure 5

CTF interacts with a G protein-coupled receptor which activates activates both Gαi and Gβγ. In turn, a series of intracellular molecules are involved which lead to activation of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase Domains (ADAM) proteases (ADAM-10 and ADAM-12). Activation of ADAM-associated MMP activity leads to release of the tethered ligand, HB-EGF, which in turn activates the EGFR. Activation of EGFR is necessary for CTF-mediated proliferation.