Table 2.
Multivariable associations of risk factors and lifetime smoking initiation (SI). NESARC wave 2 (n=34,653).
| Model 2a AOR (CI 95%) |
|
|---|---|
| Childhood | |
| Family history of SUD | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) |
| Sexual abuse | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) |
| Vulnerable family environmentb | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Parental divorce or death | 1.10 (1.01–1.21) |
| Early adolescence | |
| Impulsivity | 1.24 (1.13–1.36) |
| Low self-esteem | - |
| Early-onset anxiety | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) |
| Social deviance b,c | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) |
| Late adolescence | |
| Education yearsb | 0.93 (0.92–0.94) |
| History of trauma | 1.07 (1.00–1.14) |
| Number of Axis I disorders excluding NDb | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) |
| Number of Personality disordersb | 0.87 (0.84–0.91) |
| Adulthoodd | |
| Ever divorced | 1.45 (1.35–1.55) |
| History of SUD | |
| Alcohol | 2.14 (1.96–2.33) |
| Cannabis | 1.90 (1.62–2.24) |
| Other drugs | 1.27 (1.06–1.53) |
| Regular physical exercise | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) |
| Social devianceb,c | 1.12 (1.09–1.14) |
| Past year | |
| Social supportb | - |
| Alcohol use disorders | 1.00 (0.88–1.13) |
| Cannabis use disorders | 1.00 (0.68–1.46) |
| Number of Axis I disorders excluding NDb | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) |
| Religious service attendance | 0.66 (0.61–0.70) |
| Marital problems | - |
| Stressful life eventsb | |
| Independentb | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) |
| Dependentb | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) |
| Social devianceb,c | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) |
| c indexe=0.75 | |
Only significant variables in Supplementary Model 1 (Supplementary material) were included. Controlling for age, ethnicity, sex and all significant variables in Supplementary Model 1;
for continuous variables, AORs reflect the change in the odds per unit of predictor;
in early adolescence antisocial behavior before age 15; in adulthood since age 15; and past year between Wave 1 and Wave 2;
lifetime but before 12 month.
c-index for Model 2 represent predictability with all variables included; AOR= adjusted odds ratio; SUD= substance use disorders; ND= nicotine dependence; significant variables are bolded (p<0.05). Reference group= no smoking initiation.