Inclusion criteria

Adults aged 18–50 years of age Uncomplicated alcohol intoxication (no injuries, overdose, or psychiatric conditions requiring ongoing investigation or treatment) Unremarkable physical examination

Exclusion criteria

Age <18 years or >50 years Intellectual impairment (i.e. acquired brain injury, mental retardation) Known pregnancy Aggressive behaviour beyond reasonable attempts at de-escalation and deemed a potential threat to staff safety Patients later found to have significant injuries (i.e. head injury) or concomitant conditions (i.e. overdose) requiring further investigation or treatment Airway support more than a nasopharyngeal airway or oropharyngeal airway (i.e. endotracheal intubation)