Table 2.

Different nanoparticle-based approaches for experimental treatment of sepsis

S. No.	Formulations	Therapeutic outcome	Reference
1	Liposomes loaded ATP or NAD+	Protect human endothelium from energy failure in cell culture models	Han et al., 2001
2	Ciprofloxacin-loaded lipid emulsion	Animal survival improved in LPS-induced sepsis mice model	Mishra, 2011
3	Chitosan capped gold nanoparticles	Protective effects against LPS-induced toxicity in rats	Stefan et al., 2013
4	Antisense oligonucleotides in pH-sensitive liposomes	LPS-induced production of TNF-α in rats	Ponnappa et al., 2001
5	Liposomal dexamethasone	Prophylaxis against LPS-induced lung injuries in rats	Suntres and Shek, 2000
6	Curcumin exosomes	Mice treated with exosomal curcumin have much lower mortality than mice treated with an equivalent concentration of liposomal curcumin	Sun et al., 2010
7	Minocycline nanoliposomes	Reduction in LPS induces TNF-α by macrophages at lower doses	Liu and Yang, 2012
8	Puerarin and curcumin loaded gold nanoparticles	Suppression of LPS-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in rats	Singh et al., 2013
9	Glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticles	Inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators in 264.7 mouse macrophages	Wang et al., 2013
10	Red blood cell-mediated delivery of dexamethasone	Selective inhibition of NF-κB activation and TNF-α production in macrophages	Crinelli et al., 2000
11	Ciprofloxacin-bearing cationic nanoemulsions	Reduction in LPS released from E. coli and reduction in cytokine secretion in E. coli-induced peritonitis in rats	Jain et al., 2014
12	Parenteral triglyceride-rich emulsions	Have the capacity to inactivate endotoxin in vitro and to prevent death from a lethal dose of endotoxin in animals	Hultin et al., 1995
13	Peptoid 7 PEG micelles	LPS neutralization in vivo improves survival in mice with sepsis	Vicent et al., 2010