Table 2.

Pros and cons of assessment concepts in managing information security in research

	Risk–benefit assessment	Precautionary Principle	Proportionality Principle
Capacity to overcome uncertainty limitations	Limited	High	High
Capacity to overcome incommensurability limitation	Limited	Medium	High
Reversal of burden of proof	No	Yes	No
Compliance with European legal standards in handling security in a fundamental rights context	No	No	Yes