Zoledronic acid (ZA) -treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) contain Vδ2 cells with reduced migratory capacity. (a–c) PBMCs were cultured with or without 1 μm ZA for 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 days before flow cytometric analysis of the chemokine receptors CCR5, CXCR3, CCR7 and CCR2 on Vδ2 cells. (a) Flow cytometric plots representative of three different donors showing the gating strategy used. Lymphocytes were gated according to forward scatter (FSC) and side-scatter (SSC) using gate 1 (G1), and CD3+ Vδ2+ cells within G1 were gated using G2. (b) Flow cytometric plots representative of three different donors showing basal levels of the four chemokine receptors analysed. Numbers are percentages of cells. (c) Means ± SD for three different donors for the chemokine receptor expression on Vδ2 cells. Isotype scores were subtracted from test scores. (d) CCL5-induced migration across a 5-μm transwell was measured using Vδ2 cells isolated from PBMCs treated with or without 1 μm ZA for 48 hr (designated ‘ZA’ and ‘un’, respectively). *, ** and *** indicates P values of < 0·05, < 0·01 or < 0·001 for paired t-tests between untreated and ZA-treated data sets.