Table 2.
Ratio of observed to expected injury events for each crash circumstance and route type combination
| Odds Ratio (relative risk of injury) by route type [3] A | Ratios of observed to expected 1injury events (and 95% confidence intervals) B | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control sites | Motor vehicle (excluding door) | Motor vehicle door | Pedestrian, cyclist or animal | Streetcar (tram) or train track | Other surface | Infrastructure | Fall to avoid collision | Other fall | ||
| 683 | 168 | 63 | 40 | 97 | 69 | 69 | 69 | 108 | ||
| Major street, with parked cars | ||||||||||
| No bike infrastructure | 1.0 reference | 114 | 1.5 B(1.1-1.9) | 3.0 (2.1-4.0) | 0.3 (0.1-1.2) | 3.0 (2.4-3.7) | 0.5 (0.2-1.2) | 0.3 (0.1-0.8) | 0.7 (0.3-1.4) | 0.8 (0.5-1.3) |
| CShared lane | 0.78 | 7 | 1.7 (0.5-3.2) | 3.1 (0.6-7.6) | 0 (0–7.5) | 0 (0–3.1) | 0 (0–4.4) | 1.4 (0.1-5.7) | 2.8 (0.5-6.9) | 0.9 (0.1-3.7) |
| Bike lane | 0.53 | 27 | 1.2 (0.6-2.1) | 1.6 (0.5-3.8) | 0.6 (0–3.6) | 0.5 (0.1-1.8) | 1.5 (0.5-3.4) | 0.7 (0.1-2.6) | 0.7 (0.1-2.6) | 0.2 (0–1.3) |
| Major street, no parked cars | ||||||||||
| No bike infrastructure | *0.65 | 116 | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | 1.1 (0.6-1.9) | 0.7 (0.3-1.8) | 1.7 (1.2-2.3) | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) | 1.0 (0.6-1.8) | 0.3 (0.1-0.9) | 1.0 (0.6-1.5) |
| CShared lane | 0.66 | 12 | 0.3 (0–1.6) | 1.8 (0.3-5.3) | 2.9 (0.5-8.4) | 1.2 (0.2-3.5) | 1.7 (0.3-4.9) | 0.8 (0–4.0) | 2.5 (0.7-5.7) | 0 (0–1.9) |
| Bike lane | *0.47 | 46 | 1.2 (0.7-1.9) | 0.2 (0–1.4) | 0.4 (0–2.2) | 0.8 (0.3-1.7) | 0.4 (0.1-1.6) | 1.1 (0.4-2.4) | 0.4 (0.1-1.6) | 0.7 (0.3-1.5) |
| Local street (mainly residential) | ||||||||||
| No bike infrastructure | *0.44 | 115 | 0.9 (0.6-1.2) | 0.5 (0.2-1.1) | 0.6 (0.2-1.6) | 0.3 (0.1-0.7) | 1.1 (0.6-1.9) | 0.5 (0.2-1.1) | 0.4 (0.2-1.0) | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) |
| Bike route | *0.53 | 56 | 1.3 (0.8-1.9) | 0.8 (0.3-2.0) | 0.3 (0–1.9) | 0.1 (0–0.8) | 1.2 (0.6-2.4) | 1.1 (0.4-2.2) | 0.9 (0.3-2.0) | 1.0 (0.5-1.8) |
| Bike route, with traffic calming | 0.59 | 46 | 1.7 (1.1-2.3) | 0.5 (0.1-1.7) | 0.7 (0.1-2.7) | 0 (0–0.7) | 0.4 (0.1-1.6) | 0.2 (0–1.3) | 2.6 (1.5-4.1) | 1.4 (0.7-2.3) |
| Separated from traffic | ||||||||||
| Sidewalk, pedestrian path | 0.73 | 47 | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) | 0 (0–1.0) | 0.7 (0.1-2.7) | 0.3 (0.1-1.1) | 1.5 (0.7-2.9) | 1.9 (1.0-3.3) | 1.9 (1.0-3.3) | 1.5 (0.8-2.4) |
| Multiuse paths, paved | 0.75 | 55 | 0.2 (0.1-0.7) | 0 (0–0.9) | 3.7 (2.1-6.0) | 0.4 (0.1-1.1) | 1.6 (0.8-2.9) | 2.3 (1.4-3.7) | 2.3 (1.4-3.7) | 0.9 (0.4-1.7) |
| Multiuse paths, unpaved | 0.63 | 11 | 0 (0–1.3) | 0 (0–3.5) | 1.6 (0.1-7.3) | 0 (0–2.3) | 6.3 (3.1-8.7) | 1.8 (0.3-5.2) | 0.9 (0.1-4.2) | 0.6 (0–2.7) |
| Bike path | 0.54 | 21 | 0 (0–0.8) | 0 (0–2.1) | 4.9 (2.1-8.9) | 0 (0–1.4) | 0 (0–1.9) | 3.8 (1.9-6.1) | 1.4 (0.4-3.7) | 1.2 (0.4-2.7) |
| DCycle track | *0.12 | 10 | 0 (0–1.4) | 0 (0–3.7) | 1.7 (0.1-7.8) | 0 (0–2.4) | 1.0 (0.1-4.5) | 0 (0–3.4) | 0 (0–3.4) | 0 (0–2.2) |
AOdds ratios (relative risks of injury) by route type are from a previous analysis [3] and are provided for reference only. Asterisks indicate risk of injury for this route type was significantly lower than on major streets with parked cars and no bike infrastructure (the reference category).
BRatios of observed to expected1 injury events and confidence intervals in bold when statistically significantly different from 1.0. Expected1 based on exposure to route type, estimated via randomly selected control sites on the trip route.
CShared lanes include traffic lanes marked with sharrows or shared HOV lanes.
DCycle tracks run alongside major streets but are physically separated from them, except at intersections. They are also called “separated bike lanes” or “protected bike lanes”.
Statistical significance, p ≤ 0.05.