For genotypes of the ESR1 SNP rs3020377, all carriers of the minor G allele were combined (dominant test) and stratified by carriers of COMT alleles val and met. Significance level shown is that of the test of the G allele carriers against the reference of the major allele homozygote group, within val carriers only. Among val carriers, the ESR1 rs3020377 SNP produced effects on A. COMT enzymatic activity, B. physical functioning subscale of the SF12 questionnaire, C. pain intensity rating using the Gracely scale of the SPSR, D. pain unpleasantness rating using the Gracely Pain Scale of the SPSR, and E. count of the number of bodily sites painful upon palpation by clinical examiner. For each phenotype, rs3020377 modulates the effect of the val allele, but not the met allele, of COMT. The G allele of rs3020377 decreased COMT activity and physical functioning, and increased nociceptive phenotypes of pain intensity, unpleasantness, and distribution across body sites. Data are quantitative trait means ± s.e.m. † p < 0.1 * p< 0.05 ** p<0.01.