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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2014 Jul 15;115(0):294–304. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2014.07.001

Figure 3. Optical excitation in human cardiac cell types.

Figure 3

A. Optically-triggered action potentials (10 ms pulse at 470nm, 0.5 mW/mm2) in human ventricular, atrial and Purkinje cells. B. Underlying ChR2 current upon the action potential generation for the three cell types. C. Strength-duration curves for the three cell types. Squares show simulated values for optical excitation threshold in ventricular myocytes with a Purkinje formulation of IK1. Reproduced with permission from (Williams et al., 2013).