Table 1.

Neuropsychological scores for participants with schizophrenia and healthy controls.

Demographic Information	Schizophrenia	Controls
Age	42.19±10.00	41.59±8.49
Education	13.32±1.93	14.90±1.96
SES	3.38±1.23	2.22±0.92
Parental SES	2.78±1.18	2.54±1.06
IGT
Block 1	−1.88±9.77	−1.78±10.10
Block 2	−0.33±8.31	3.63±7.89
Block 3	1.21±8.16	4.37±9.02
Block 4	−1.29±9.74	3.97±9.94
Block 5	0.03±10.00	3.94±10.20
Total Net	−1.94±25.24	14.25±27.44
WAIS-III IQ
Full Scale	93.51±12.96	107.51±15.40
Verbal	96.06±13.78	107.22±14.18
Performance	91.08±12.82	106.18±16.80
WMS-III Memory Quotient
Immediate Memory	85.25±17.37	101.87±15.21
Delayed Memory	89.35±14.64	103.02±13.16
WMS-III Index
Auditory Immediate	89.62±15.21	103.33±14.76
Visual Immediate	85.52±17.17	98.82±15.07
Auditory Delayed	95.02±15.77	106.36±13.56
Visual Delayed	87.33±16.61	101.14±14.21
WCST
Categories Completed	3.77±2.31	5.22±1.61
Non perseverative errors	18.60±11.61	12.15±9.73
Perseverative errors	23.96±20.15	12.33±10.61

Note. Values are means plus or minus standard deviations. SES = socioeconomic status; IGT= Iowa Gambling Test (IGT); WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale---Third Edition; WMS-III Wechsler Memory Scale---Third Edition; WCST=Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.