Table 1.
Summary of mean changes in body composition, fat distribution, pulmonary function, oxygen cost of breathing, and cardiorespiratory exercise variables with weight loss (mean ± SD). P-value of interaction only shown when significant. NS, non-significant.
| +DOE | −DOE | P-value Weight Loss |
P-value Group differences |
P-value Interaction |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | |||||
| ΔWeight (kg) | −6.6 ± 2.4 | −8.4 ± 3.5 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔBody mass index (kg/m2) | −2.4 ± 1.0 | −3.1 ± 1.5 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔBody fat (%) | −2.8 ± 2.2 | −3.9 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔLean body mass (kg) | −1.3 ± 1.7 | −1.3 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔChest circumference (cm) | −3.2 ± 2.7 | −5.0 ± 4.6 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔWaist circumference (cm) | −5.7 ± 4.6 | −8.4 ± 8.3 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔHip circumference (cm) | −6.1 ± 3.9 | −7.9 ± 4.5 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔNeck circumference (cm) | −1.0 ± 1.1 | −1.2 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔWaist:Hip ratio | −0.01 ± 0.04 | −0.01 ± 0.07 | NS | NS | |
| Fat distribution | |||||
| ΔChest Fat (kg) | −0.6 ± 0.4 | −1.0 ± 0.5 | 0.036 | ||
| ΔAbdominal Fat (kg) | −1.3 ± 0.7 | −1.8 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔVisceral Fat (kg) | −0.5 ± 0.3 | −0.7 ± 0.6 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔSubcutaneous Fat (kg) | −1.8 ± 1.0 | −2.5 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔPeripheral Fat (kg) | −2.4 ± 2.2 | −3.1 ± 1.4 | <0.001 | NS | |
| Pulmonary function | |||||
| ΔTLC (%pred) | 0 ± 4 | 1 ± 3 | NS | NS | |
| ΔFRC (L) | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.002 | NS | |
| ΔFRC (%TLC) | 4 ± 6 | 4 ± 8 | 0.005 | NS | |
| ΔERV (%TLC) | 4 ± 6 | 5 ± 11 | 0.008 | NS | |
| ΔIC (%pred) | −4 ± 14 | −1 ± 12 | NS | NS | |
| ΔFVC (%pred) | 1 ± 6 | −1 ± 7 | NS | NS | |
| ΔFEV1 (%pred) | 0 ± 5 | −2 ± 6 | NS | NS | |
| ΔFEV1/FVC ratio | −0.1 ± 2.9 | −0.3 ± 2.1 | NS | NS | |
| ΔMVV (%pred) | 9 ± 13 | 5 ± 6 | NS | 0.001 | |
| ΔDLCO (%pred) | 1 ± 8 | 3 ± 8 | NS | NS | |
| Oxygen cost of breathing | |||||
| ΔO2cost Slope | −0.48 ± 0.70 | −0.36 ± 0.67 | 0.003 | NS | |
| Constant load exercise | |||||
| ΔRPB | −1.54 ± 1.45 | 0.10 ± 1.09 | 0.002 | ||
| ΔRPE | −1.71 ± 2.49 | 0.27 ± 1.75 | 0.019 | ||
| ΔV̇O2 (L/min) | −0.07 ± 0.05 | −0.05 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | NS | |
| ΔV̇ O2 (%peak) | −5 ± 5 | −2 ± 6 | 0.034 | 0.002 | |
| ΔV̇E (L/min) | −7.20 ± 5.41 | −2.57 ± 4.80 | 0.021 | ||
| ΔV̇E (%MVV) | −10 ± 5 | −3 ± 3 | 0.001 | ||
| ΔRER | −0.06 ± 0.07 | −0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.044 | ||
| ΔHR (bpm) | −12 ± 11 | −2 ± 7 | <0.001 | 0.013 | |
| ΔHR (%peak) | −6 ± 6 | −1 ± 4 | 0.029 | ||
| Δ[Lactate] (mg/dL) | −1.0 ± 1.0 | −0.4 ± 0.5 | 0.007 | <0.001 | |
| Peak exercise | |||||
| ΔWork rate (W) | 8.6 ± 10.3 | 4.0 ± 13.5 | 0.009 | 0.014 | |
| ΔTime (min) | 0.40 ± 0.46 | −0.10 ± 0.61 | 0.019 | ||
| ΔV̇O2 (L/min) | 0.04 ± 0.10 | −0.03 ± 0.11 | NS | NS | |
| ΔV̇E (L/min) | 1.56 ± 9.75 | −1.10 ± 14.48 | NS | NS | |
| ΔHR (bpm) | −5 ± 7 | −2 ± 4 | 0.003 | NS | |
| Δ[Lactate] (mg/dL) | −0.2 ± 1.1 | −0.4 ± 1.0 | NS | NS | |
TLC, total lung capacity; FRC, functional residual capacity; ERV, expiratory reserve volume; IC, inspiratory capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity, FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; MVV, maximal voluntary ventilation; DLCO, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide; RPB, rating of perceived breathlessness; RPE, rating of perceived exertion; V̇O2, oxygen uptake; V̇E, minute ventilation; RER, respiratory exchange rate; HR, heart rate.