Table 1.
Description of Cost-Effectiveness Methodologies for Implementation Research
| CEA Type | Enrollment | Generalizable to Population | Reach | Effectiveness | Intervention Costs | Implementation Costs | Weaknesses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RCT CEA | Sampled Recruited Consented Assessed for eligibility |
Depends on eligibility criteria | Controlled | Evaluated using primary data collection | Evaluated using primary data collection | Not evaluated | Reach is not evaluated Implementation costs are not evaluated Sample results may not generalize to population |
| TBCEA | Sampled Recruited Consented Assessed for eligibility |
Depends on eligibility criteria | Evaluated using primary data collection | Evaluated using primary data collection | Evaluated using primary data collection | Evaluated using primary data collection | Expensive Sample results may not generalize to population |
| PCEA | Population identified from archival data | Yes | Evaluated using archival data | Modeled from literature | Modeled from literature | Evaluated using primary data collection | Intervention cost and effectiveness observed in RCT may not be the same in implementation trial |
| BIA | Population identified from archival data | Yes | Modeled from literature | Not evaluated | Modeled from literature | Modeled from literature | Effectiveness is not evaluated |
| SLCEA | Population identified from archival data | Yes | Modeled from literature | Estimated by expert opinion | Modeled from literature | Not evaluated | Implementation costs are not evaluated Expert opinion about effectiveness may not be accurate |
| PLCEA | Population identified from archival data | Yes | Evaluated using archival data | Evaluated using archival data using a proxy measure of clinical outcomes modeled from literature | Evaluated using archival data | Evaluated using primary data collection | Proxy measure of clinical outcomes may not be accurate |
BIA, budget impact analysis; PCEA, policy cost-effectiveness; PLCEA, population-level cost-effectiveness analysis; RCTCEA, traditional randomized controlled trial cost-effectiveness analysis; SLCEA, systems-level cost-effectiveness analysis; TBCEA, trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis.