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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 7.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2014 Sep 23;47(14):3459–3465. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.09.013

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Forward dynamic simulation results for (A) shoulder joint moments (τ), (B) elbow joint moments (τ), and (C) hand rim forces from static (solid line) and dynamic (dotted line) predicted muscle forces during the push phase of wheelchair propulsion.. ElvPlane refers to the shoulder elevation plane axis, ElvAngle refers to the shoulder elevation axis, and Rotation refers to the internal-external rotation axis of the shoulder. FE refers to the flexion-extension axis of the elbow, and ProSup refers to the pronation-supination axis of the forearm. The tangential (Tan), radial (Rad), and lateral forces (Lat) are shown for the handrim.