. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Patient Educ Couns. 2014 Sep 20;97(3):418–425. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2014.09.011

Table 2. Effects of supportive and obstructive family behaviors on participants’ adherence to self-care behaviors and glycemic control.

	Unadjusted			Partially Adjusted^a			Fully Adjusted^b

	β	P	R²(%)	β	P	Incremental R² (%)	β	P	Incremental R² (%)
General diet
Supportive	.19	.007	3.6	.44	<.001	12.3^***	.43	<.001	11.5^***
Obstructive	−.15	.033	2.4	−.42	<.001	11.2^***	−.39	<.001	9.7^***
Specific diet
Supportive	.03	.718	0.0	.22	.015	3.1^*	.22	.019	3.1^*
Obstructive	−.19	.015	3.7	−.32	<.001	6.7^***	−.31	.003	5.5^**
Exercise
Supportive	.26	<.001	6.8	.49	<.001	15.7^***	.50	<.001	15.3^***
Obstructive	−.09	.149	0.9	−.39	<.001	9.7^***	−.31	<.001	7.6^***
Blood glucose testing
Supportive	.07	.378	0.4	.15	.097	1.4	.20	.045	2.5^*
Obstructive	−.05	.451	0.3	−.14	.092	1.3	−.08	.373	0.8
Medications
Supportive	.11	.151	1.2	.27	.001	4.9^**	.30	.001	5.6^**
Obstructive	−.11	.125	1.3	−.28	.001	5.0^**	−.28	.003	4.1^**

Glycemic control (HbA_1C)
Interaction	.27	<.001	7.4	−.22	.017	4.5^**	−.22	<.001	4.5^**
Main Effects
Supportive	.10	.125	1.1	−.09	.309	0.5	−.10	.198	0.7
Obstructive	.27	<.001	7.4	.40	<.001	9.6^***	.25	.007	4.5^**

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001.

β = standardized regression coefficients; p = probability value; R² = percent of variance in outcome variable explained by the predictor variable; Incremental R² = percent of variance in outcome variable uniquely explained by the predictor variable, controlling for the other predictor variables in the model.

Partially adjusted models include both predictors (i.e., supportive and obstructive behaviors).

Fully adjusted models include both predictors (i.e., supportive and obstructive behaviors), age, gender, race, education, diabetes duration, insulin status, and insurance status; n = 187 due to missing data.