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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014 Jun 2;37(4):277–283. doi: 10.1037/prj0000069

Table 4.

Group Means (SD) on Each Subscale

African Americans Whites t
Self-Esteem 2.13 (.49) 2.26 (.50) 3.80*
    Items 5 & 6 removed 2.15 (.48) 2.25 (.49) 3.09*
Powerlessness 2.34 (.50) 2.49 (.51) 4.58*
    Item 17 removed 2.34 (.54) 2.46 (.54) 3.49*
Activism 1.88 (.37) 1.80 (37) −3.18*
*

p<.01