Table 1. Clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of study children.
| Severe Malaria | Controls | p-value1 | |
| n | 40 | 20 | |
| Age, years, mean (sd) | 3.8 (1.7) | 3.8 (2.0) | 1.0 |
| Male sex, no (%) | 27 (67.5) | 9 (45.0) | 0.09 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L, mean (sd) | 52 (17) | 114 (13) | <0.001 |
| Height-for-age z-score, mean (sd)2 | −0.43 (1.4) | −0.50 (1.5) | 0.9 |
| HAZ <−2 sd’s below reference median, no (%) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (18.9) | 0.7 |
| Weight-for-height z-score, mean (sd)3 | −1.0 (1.9) | −0.05 (1.3) | 0.03 |
| WHZ <−2 sd’s below reference median, no (%) | 8 (22.9) | 0 | 0.05 |
| Weight-for-age z-score, mean (sd) | −1.06 (1.4) | −0.40 (1.2) | 0.03 |
| WAZ <−2 sd’s below reference median, no (%) | 8 (20.0) | 0 | 0.05 |
| Electricity in home, no (%)4 | 9 (25.7) | 6 (30.0) | 0.2 |
| Family eats meat once per week, no (%) | 20 (57.1) | 11 (55.0) | 0.9 |
| Family has food year round, no (%) | 32 (91.4) | 19 (95.0) | 0.6 |
| Family owns radio, no (%) | 22 (62.9) | 15 (75) | 0.4 |
| Family owns bicycle, no (%) | 5 (14.3) | 3 (15.0) | 0.9 |
1
P-value determined using t-tests for continuous variables, chi-square for proportions, and Fisher’s Exact for proportions with small sizes.
2
n = 37 for severe malaria group.
3
n = 35 for severe malaria group and n = 19 for control group.
4
n = 35 for severe malaria group for all SES and food security variables.