Table 3. Summary Statistics for Pre-Fontan Echocardiographic Measures by Initial Shunt Group.
| MBTS | RVPAS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean ± SD | n | Mean ± SD | p Value | |
| RV systolic size and function | |||||
| End systolic volume, ml/BSA1.3 | 68 | 51.1 ± 15.7 | 79 | 54 ± 17.9 | 0.30 |
| End systolic area, cm2/BSA0.8 | 102 | 16.4 ± 4.2 | 112 | 17 ± 4.2 | 0.32 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 68 | 45 ± 6 | 79 | 42 ± 7 | 0.007 |
| Fractional area change, % | 102 | 31 ± 6 | 112 | 31 ± 6 | 0.36 |
| Peak systolic velocity, cm/sec | 75 | 5.68 ± 1.48 | 88 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 0.93 |
| Isovolumic contraction acceleration, cm/sec2 | 43 | 33.1 ± 8.74 | 62 | 35.1 ± 11.9 | 0.34 |
| RV diastolic size and function | |||||
| End diastolic volume, ml/BSA1.3 | 68 | 92 ± 24.5 | 79 | 92.1 ± 26.3 | 0.98 |
| End diastolic area, cm2/BSA0.8 | 102 | 23.8 ± 5.1 | 112 | 24.4 ± 5.3 | 0.38 |
| Tricuspid valve peak early velocity, m/sec | 108 | 0.79 ± 0.23 | 109 | 0.7 6 ±0.20 | 0.27 |
| Tricuspid valve peak atrial velocity, m/sec | 82 | 0.70 ± 0.20 | 84 | 0.66 ± 0.21 | 0.30 |
| E/A ratio | 82 | 1.09 ± 0.32 | 84 | 1.16 ± 0.32 | 0.17 |
| Peak early annular diastolic velocity, cm/sec | 75 | 8.64 ± 2.92 | 88 | 9.10 ± 2.69 | 0.30 |
| Peak atrial annular diastolic velocity, cm/sec | 63 | 6.98 ± 2.49 | 68 | 6.80 ± 1.67 | 0.64 |
| E/E′ ratio | 71 | 10.36 ± 5.47 | 83 | 8.85 ± 3.23 | 0.04 |
| Flow reversal during atrial systole | 77 | 98 | 0.24 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 5 (6.5%) | 2 (2.0%) | |||
| No, n (%) | 72 (93.5%) | 96 (98.0%) | |||
| RV global function | |||||
| MPI, Inflow Doppler calculation | 95 | 0.45 ± 0.17 | 92 | 0.45 ± 0.19 | 0.93 |
| MPI, DTI calculation | 46 | 0.63 ± 0.27 | 58 | 0.59 ± 0.19 | 0.46 |
| Neo-aortic valve size and function | |||||
| Neo-aortic annular area/BSA | 108 | 3.85 ± 0.87 | 111 | 3.69 ± 1.08 | 0.22 |
| Neo-aortic annular area, z-score | 108 | 5.59 ± 2.54 | 111 | 5.12 ± 3.12 | 0.22 |
| Severity of neoaortic valve regurgitation | 121 | 130 | 0.73 | ||
| None, n (%) | 74 (61.2%) | 78 (60.0%) | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 44 (36.4%) | 46 (35.4%) | |||
| Moderate, n (%) | 3 (2.5%) | 6 (4.6%) | |||
| Severe, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| ≥Moderate neo-aortic valve regurgitation | 121 | 130 | 0.50 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 3 (2.5%) | 6 (4.6%) | |||
| No, n (%) | 118 (97.5%) | 124 (95.4%) | |||
| Tricuspid valve size and function | |||||
| Tricuspid indexed annular area/BSA | 113 | 5.51 ± 1.83 | 120 | 5.71 ± 1.62 | 0.37 |
| Tricuspid indexed annular area for BSA, z-score | 113 | 1.87 ± 2.23 | 120 | 2.11 ± 1.96 | 0.38 |
| Severity of tricuspid valve regurgitation | 121 | 131 | 0.79 | ||
| None, n (%) | 14 (11.6%) | 19 (14.5%) | |||
| Mild, n (%) | 84 (69.4%) | 91 (69.5%) | |||
| Moderate, n (%) | 17 (14.0%) | 17 (13.0%) | |||
| Severe, n (%) | 6 (5.0%) | 4 (3.1%) | |||
| Multiple, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |||
| ≥Moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation | 121 | 131 | 0.62 | ||
| Yes, n (%) | 23 (19.0%) | 21 (16.0%) | |||
| No, n (%) | 98 (81.0%) | 110 (84.0%) | |||
| Aortic size and patency | |||||
| Ascending aortic maximal diameter, cm | 102 | 1.95 ± 0.38 | 111 | 1.90 ± 0.40 | 0.37 |
| Ascending aortic maximal diameter for BSA, z-score | 102 | 3.43 ± 2.32 | 111 | 3.10 ± 2.41 | 0.31 |
| Distal arch to descending aorta CWD peak velocity, m/sec | 91 | 1.67 ± 0.51 | 96 | 1.81 ± 0.58 | 0.08 |
BSA = body surface area; CWD = continuous wave Doppler; DTI = Doppler tissue imaging; MPI = myocardial performance index; SD = standard deviation. Other abbreviations as in Table 1.