Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of emergency department (ED) visits for heart failure in the United States.
| 2002–2004 | 2005–2007 | 2008–2010 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ED Visits Unweighted, n | 737 | 691 | 730 | |
| ED Visits Weighted, n | 2,538,821 | 2,381,560 | 2,517,794 | |
| Age, Mean (SE) | 72.3 (0.6) | 71.8 (0.8) | 71.2 (0.7) | 0.57 |
| Age Category | 0.66 | |||
| 18–49 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 10.2 | |
| 50–64 | 19.4 | 20.3 | 23.1 | |
| 65–74 | 20.3 | 21.1 | 16.6 | |
| 75–84 | 30.4 | 29.1 | 28.1 | |
| ≥85 | 20.9 | 21.2 | 22.0 | |
| Gender | <0.01 | |||
| Female | 57.5 | 47.7 | 47.5 | |
| Male | 42.5 | 52.3 | 52.5 | |
| Black/African American Race | 20.1 | 22.6 | 25.1 | 0.28 |
| Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity | 5.8 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 0.48 |
| Medicaid Insurance | 10.5 | 20.1 | 21.0 | <0.001 |
| Heart Rate, beats/min | 0.17 | |||
| <100 | 73.5 | 71.8 | 67.6 | |
| ≥100 | 26.5 | 28.2 | 32.4 | |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHG | 0.98 | |||
| <115 | 16.5 | 15.9 | 15.2 | |
| 115–160 | 52.5 | 54.0 | 54.0 | |
| >160 | 31.0 | 30.1 | 30.8 | |
| Comorbid Conditions | ||||
| Diabetes | 5.3 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 0.25 |
| Acute Myocardial Infarction | 2.6 | 2.4 | 0.9 | 0.24 |
| Cardiac Dysrhythmias | 7.1 | 4.9 | 5.4 | 0.36 |
| Pneumonia | 5.4 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 0.88 |
| COPD | 7.7 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 0.78 |
| Asthma | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.45 |
| Kidney Disease | 2.6 | 3.9 | 6.4 | 0.02 |
| Dementia | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.45 |
| Region | 0.72 | |||
| Northeast | 21.0 | 21.6 | 18.7 | |
| Midwest | 28.9 | 25.3 | 26.1 | |
| South | 31.7 | 34.5 | 38.8 | |
| West | 18.3 | 18.6 | 16.4 | |
| Hospital Ownership | 0.76 | |||
| Voluntary, non-profit | 79.0 | 81.1 | 80.2 | |
| Government, non-Federal | 13.4 | 10.0 | 12.6 | |
| Proprietary | 7.6 | 8.9 | 7.2 | |