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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Geriatr Med. 2014 Oct 7;31(1):67–87. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2014.08.019

Figure 2. Physical and Metabolic Impairments Resultant of T2DM, Aging and OA that Can Benefit from Physical Activity.

Figure 2

T2DM, aging and OA are associated with several physical impairments and metabolic alterations that can be addressed by physical activity. Physical impairments common in this population include: excess body weight and consequent increased adiposity and joint loads; poor balance and increased fall risk; muscle dysfunction such as muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and decreased lean muscle mass; pain and joint stiffness; all of these impairments limit daily activities and mobility. Metabolic alterations include hyperglycemia, excess adipose tissue with deregulated lipid metabolism, accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and systemic inflammation.