Table 2.
Associations of maternal prenatal lead level with gestation length and infant size at birth among 949 mother-child pairs in Project Viva
| Linear Regression: Beta estimates (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Model | Quartile 1 (ref) | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P for trend |
| Gestational Age (wks) | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.08 (−0.24, 0.40) | −0.11 (−0.43, 0.21) | −0.16 (−0.48, 0.16) | 0.18 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | 0.04 (−0.28, 0.36) | −0.14 (−0.47, 0.18) | −0.17 (−0.51, 0.16) | 0.20 | |
| Birthweight3 (grams) | Crude1 | 0 | 12 (−90, 113) | −27 (−128, 75) | −77 (−178, 24) | 0.08 |
| Adjusted2 | 0 | −17 (−98, 63) | −15 (−95, 64) | −47 (−128, 35) | 0.27 | |
| Birthweight for gestational age Z-Score | Crude1 | 0.00 | −0.01 (−0.20, 0.17) | −0.01 (−0.19, 0.17) | −0.13 (−0.31, 0.05) | 0.14 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | −0.03 (−0.21, 0.14) | −0.02 (−0.19, 0.15) | −0.11 (−0.28, 0.07) | 0.25 | |
| Head Circumference3 (cm) | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.01 (−0.27, 0.28) | −0.11 (−0.39, 0.17) | −0.15 (−0.43, 0.14) | 0.23 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | −0.06 (−0.29, 0.17) | −0.08 (−0.31, 0.15) | −0.08 (−0.33, 0.16) | 0.56 | |
| Birth Length3,4 (cm) | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.13 (−0.32, 0.57) | −0.05 (−0.51, 0.41) | −0.31 (−0.76, 0.14) | 0.09 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | 0.03 (−0.33, 0.40) | 0.02 (−0.36, 0.39) | −0.15 (−0.54, 0.23) | 0.37 | |
| Stratified Results: Males only | ||||||
| Gestational Age (wks) | Crude1 | 0.00 | −0.06 (−0.53, 0.40) | −0.18 (−0.66, 0.31) | −0.39 (−0.87, 0.08) | 0.08 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | −0.11 (−0.58, 0.35) | −0.19 (−0.68, 0.30) | −0.43 (−0.92, 0.06) | 0.08 | |
| Birthweight3 (grams) | Crude1 | 0 | −45 (−193, 104) | −67 (−222, 87) | −151 (−301, −1) | 0.04 |
| Adjusted2 | 0 | −33 (−149, 83) | −11 (−132, 109) | −44 (−165, 77) | 0.57 | |
| Birthweight for gestational age Z-Score | Crude1 | 0.00 | −0.07 (−0.33, 0.18) | −0.05 (−0.32, 0.21) | −0.20 (−0.46, 0.06) | 0.15 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | −0.07 (−0.32, 0.17) | 0.00 (−0.25, 0.26) | −0.11 (−0.37, 0.15) | 0.48 | |
| Head Circumference3 (cm) | Crude1 | 0.00 | −0.20 (−0.59, 0.20) | −0.28 (−0.70, 0.15) | −0.40 (−0.83, 0.02) | 0.07 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | −0.12 (−0.45, 0.21) | −0.13 (−0.48, 0.23) | −0.15 (−0.53, 0.22) | 0.50 | |
| Birth Length4 (cm) | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.03 (−0.62, 0.68) | 0.04 (−0.66, 0.74) | −0.49 (−1.16, 0.19) | 0.11 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | 0.11 (−0.43, 0.65) | 0.24 (−0.32, 0.80) | −0.07 (−0.65, 0.51) | 0.73 | |
| Stratified Results: Females only | ||||||
| Gestational Age (wks) | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.22 (−0.22, 0.66) | −0.06 (−0.49, 0.38) | 0.07 (−0.36, 0.51) | 0.97 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | 0.15 (−0.30, 0.59) | −0.10 (−0.55, 0.35) | 0.03 (−0.42, 0.49) | 0.91 | |
| Birthweight (grams) | Crude1 | 0 | 54 (−84, 191) | 8 (−125, 142) | −13 (−148, 122) | 0.65 |
| Adjusted2 | 0 | −1 (−114, 112) | −22 (−130, 86) | −42 (−157, 72) | 0.41 | |
| Birthweight for gestational age Z-Score | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.05 (−0.21, 0.31) | 0.03 (−0.21, 0.28) | −0.06 (−0.31, 0.19) | 0.55 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | 0.00 (−0.25, 0.26) | −0.05 (−0.29, 0.19) | −0.10 (−0.35, 0.16) | 0.39 | |
| Head Circumference3 (cm) | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.13 (−0.25, 0.50) | 0.03 (−0.34, 0.40) | 0.05 (−0.31, 0.41) | 0.96 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | 0.01 (−0.31, 0.34) | −0.03 (−0.35, 0.29) | −0.02 (−0.34, 0.30) | 0.86 | |
| Birth Length4 (cm) | Crude1 | 0.00 | 0.14 (−0.47, 0.75) | −0.15 (−0.74, 0.44) | −0.18 (−0.79, 0.42) | 0.40 |
| Adjusted2 | 0.00 | −0.01 (−0.52, 0.51) | −0.18 (−0.68, 0.32) | −0.18 (−0.72, 0.36) | 0.44 | |
1
Adjusted for sample weight of blood
2
Model 1 + additionally adjusted for gestational age at blood draw, gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal country of birth, maternal 2nd trimester calcium intake, smoking in pregnancy, parity, maternal age and child sex.
3
Birthweight, head circumference additionally adjusted for gestational age at birth.
4
Length model additionally adjusted for maternal height and gestational age at birth.