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Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Aha effects on different cell stress markers. (A) 500 μM Aha pulses of increasing length were compared with (B) 500 μM Met pulses under identical cell culture conditions. Expression of BCL2, DDIT3 (CHOP), COL1A1 (procollagen α1(I)), CRYAB (crystallin αB), and HSPA5 (BiP) transcript levels were measured relative to cells in growth medium (control) and normalized to HPRT1 and B2M as endogenous controls. All error bars represent standard deviation.
