Table 2.
Univariate Cox Regression Analysis
| Variable | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| BMI (kg/m2)† | 1.07 | 1.02, 1.12 | <0.01 |
|
| |||
| Age (yrs) | 1.00 | 0.97, 1.03 | 0.87 |
|
| |||
| XRT (no/yes) | 0.99 | 0.51, 1.93 | 0.98 |
|
| |||
| Prior bowel surgery/injury* (no/yes) | 0.55 | 0.24, 1.23 | 0.14 |
|
| |||
| Cancer treatment at time of perforation (no/yes)† | 1.82 | 0.92, 3.60 | 0.08 |
|
| |||
| Disease site | |||
| Cervical (reference) | 0.87 | ||
| Uterine | 0.74 | 0.24, 2.26 | |
| Ovarian/primary peritoneal | 1.09 | 0.50, 2.36 | |
| Other | 1.26 | 0.45, 3.54 | |
|
| |||
| Disease status† | |||
| NED (reference category) | <0.01 | ||
| Progressive/stable | 3.10 | 1.34, 7.21 | |
| Newly diagnosed | 1.13 | 0.41, 3.14 | |
|
| |||
| Abdominal pain (no/yes) | 1.54 | 0.58, 4.07 | 0.38 |
|
| |||
| Fever (no/yes) | 1.64 | 0.83, 3.23 | 0.15 |
|
| |||
| Nausea/vomiting (no/yes) | 0.91 | 0.41, 2.01 | 0.82 |
|
| |||
| Bowel movements | |||
| Normal (reference) | 0.96 | ||
| Abnormal | 0.98 | 0.47, 2.05 | |
|
| |||
| WBC (per 1,000 WBCs/μL) † | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.07 | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| HCO3 (per mEQ/L)† | 0.92 | 0.86, 1.00 | 0.04 |
|
| |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 0.86 | 0.54, 1.37 | 0.52 |
|
| |||
| APACHE II† | 1.20 | 1.12, 1.29 | <0.01 |
|
| |||
| Treatment of perforation† | |||
| Conservative (reference) | 0.01 | ||
| Surgical | 0.29 | 0.11, 0.76 | |
|
| |||
| Suspected perforation cause | |||
| Iatrogenic (reference)§ | 0.17 | ||
| Tumor | 2.00 | 0.63, 6.36 | |
| Unknown | 1.74 | 0.65, 4.66 | |
| Colitis/appendicitis/proctitis | 0.56 | 0.13, 2.36 | |
|
| |||
| Location of perforation | |||
|
| |||
| Small bowel (reference) | 0.32 | ||
| Ascending/Transverse/Descending Colon | 1.94 | 0.80, 4.72 | |
| Sigmoid/Rectum | 1.23 | 0.54, 2.79 | |
†
Variables included in multivariate Cox regression analysis
*
Bowel surgery/injury at the time of most recent abdominal surgery prior to intestinal perforation
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; XRT, radiation therapy; WBC, white blood cells; HCO3, bicarbonate; NED, no evidence of disease.
§
Iatrogenic causes include those diagnosed within 2 weeks of after staging surgery, colonoscopy, or intraperitoneal catheter placement