Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients, Stratified by Cryptogenic Stroke.
| Cryptogenic Stroke (n=133) * | Stroke from Known Mechanisms (n=130) | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Age, mean years (SD) | 66 (12) | 66 (13) | 0.70 |
|
| |||
| Men, n (%) | 71 (53) | 64 (49) | 0.50 |
|
| |||
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 109 (82) | 102 (79) | 0.56 |
| Black | 12 (9) | 15 (12) | 0.49 |
| Asian | 8 (6) | 5 (4) | 0.43 |
| Hispanic | 4 (3) | 6 (5) | 0.49 |
| Other | 0 (0) | 2 (2) | 0.15 |
|
| |||
| Cancer type, n (%) | |||
| Lung | 44 (33) | 39 (30) | 0.59 |
| Gastrointestinal | 36 (27) | 30 (23) | 0.46 |
| Genitourinary | 14 (10) | 17 (13) | 0.52 |
| Other solid | 6 (5) | 14 (11) | 0.06 |
| Breast | 9 (7) | 9 (7) | 0.96 |
| Gynecological | 7 (5) | 10 (8) | 0.42 |
| Lymphoma | 6 (5) | 6 (5) | 0.97 |
| Leukemia | 5 (4) | 3 (2) | 0.49 |
| Other hematological | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.67 |
| Melanoma | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.09 |
|
| |||
| Cancer status, n (%) | |||
| Metastases to other organs | 97 (73) | 85 (65) | 0.19 |
| Recent treatment† | 74 (56) | 74 (57) | 0.83 |
| Chemotherapy | 58 (44) | 55 (42) | 0.83 |
| Biological‡ | 8 (6) | 11 (8) | 0.44 |
| Radiotherapy | 7 (5) | 9 (7) | 0.57 |
| Anti-angiogenesis§ | 9 (7) | 5 (4) | 0.29 |
|
| |||
| Vascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 70 (53) | 77 (59) | 0.28 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 49 (37) | 55 (42) | 0.37 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 (13) | 35 (27) | <0.01 |
| Coronary artery disease | 14 (11) | 28 (22) | 0.02 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (1) | 22 (17) | <0.01 |
| Prior stroke | 4 (3) | 15 (12) | <0.01 |
| Current smoking | 5 (4) | 9 (7) | 0.25 |
|
| |||
| Discharge Antithrombotic, n (%)¶ | 87 (65) | 85 (65) | 0.99 |
| Antiplatelet | 54 (41) | 48 (37) | 0.54 |
| Aspirin | 50 (38) | 42 (32) | 0.37 |
| Anticoagulants | 43 (32) | 47 (36) | 0.51 |
| Low-molecular weight heparin | 40 (30) | 39 (30) | 0.99 |
*
Percentages have been rounded up, thus total values may not equal 100
†
Some patients received multiple types of treatment (i.e., chemotherapy and radiotherapy); recent treatment is defined as treatment within 30 days of index stroke.
‡
Biological refers to cancer treatments made from a living organism or its product. These mostly consisted of monoclonal antibody medicines such as rituximab and imitinib that target specific tumor cell receptors or proteins.
§
Anti-angiogenesis refers to treatment with medicines that inhibit the growth of new blood vessels, including bevacizumab, sunitinib, and sorafenib.
¶
Some patients were treated with both antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents.