Table 2.
Effect of ankle torque and ankle angle on muscle fascicle curvature
| κc, m−1 |
βc,° |
φc,° |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0% | 30% | 60% | 0% | 30% | 60% | 0% | 30% | 60% | |
| LG | |||||||||
| −15° | 2.92 (0.28) | 3.78 (1.63) | 3.66 (1.18) | 93.24 (1.25) | 90.75 (2.52) | 91.19 (2.29) | 206.41 (22.74) | 196.1 (14.98) | 182.66 (27.69) |
| 0° | 3.56 (0.91) | 2.59 (0.45) | 3.03 (0.63) | 91.79 (2.68) | 93.62 (2.2) | 92.77 (2.62) | 198.33 (28.28) | 214.74 (7.62) | 188.51 (19.7) |
| 15° | 3.38 (0.86) | 3.67 (1.48) | 3.19 (1.22) | 92.25 (1.35) | 92.45 (1.36) | 93.27 (1.35) | 209.16 (12.88) | 190.62 (27.3) | 215.67 (22.58) |
| 30° | 3.08 (0.63) | 3.01 (1.36) | 3.58 (1.27) | 90.68 (1.29) | 90.83 (2.88) | 91.89 (2.66) | 182.46 (23.64) | 185.42 (29.05) | 200.34 (26.11) |
| MG | |||||||||
| −15° | 4.53 (0.86) | 4.04 (1.37) | 4.51 (1.02) | 92.83 (3.93) | 93.51 (1.99) | 93.21 (1.44) | 213.44 (31.3) | 215.27 (19.71) | 205.26 (24.93) |
| 0° | 4.15 (0.77) | 4.28 (1.28) | 4.08 (0.63) | 93.4 (1.89) | 92.69 (2.18) | 93.89 (2.2) | 226.27 (28.61) | 215.11 (14.43) | 223.77 (19.85) |
| 15° | 4.55 (1.11) | 4.42 (1.15) | 5.38 (2.32) | 92.76 (1.86) | 93.24 (2.59) | 93.58 (2.53) | 215.6 (23.8) | 231.59 (14.27) | 210.64 (25.15) |
| 30° | 4.39 (1.21) | 4.29 (1.54) | 5.17 (1.63) | 93.85 (2.25) | 93.15 (2.68) | 94.09 (2.05) | 221.08 (16.88) | 217.77 (21.5) | 217.03 (26.9) |
| Soleus | |||||||||
| −15° | 4.48 (1.08) | 4.21 (0.62) | 4.25 (0.52) | 93.58 (2.08) | 93.24 (1.93) | 92.92 (1.55) | 215.03 (16.88) | 209.35 (14.27) | 202.29 (9.4) |
| 0° | 3.93 (0.39) | 3.3 (0.6) | 4.11 (1.19) | 92.82 (2.06) | 91.63 (1.61) | 92.04 (1.5) | 207.86 (13.96) | 198.01 (13.42) | 198.04 (17.2) |
| 15° | 4.34 (1.3) | 3.81 (0.42) | 4.21 (0.67) | 92.65 (0.88) | 93.95 (3.27) | 92.72 (1.7) | 206.39 (11.04) | 215.54 (28.17) | 213.23 (18.26) |
| 30° | 3.38 (0.94) | 4.06 (0.74) | 4.78 (1.22) | 91.33 (1.15) | 90.05 (2.92) | 91.25 (1.15) | 193.95 (16.62) | 192.04 (19.2) | 194.69 (13.06) |
Values reported are mean (SD; n = 6 participants) of fascicle curvature magnitude (κc) and direction of normal to curve in terms of polar angle (βc) and azimuthal angle (φc) from the central region of the muscle. LG, lateral gastrocnemius; MG, medial gastrocnemius.