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Bar histograms display decreases in mean blood pressure (ΔMAP) and heart rate (ΔHR) to phenylbiguanide (PBG) before and after microinjection of kainic acid (KA) in the intermediate NTS. KA transiently reduced parasympathoexcitatory hemodynamic and negative chronotropic reflex responses. Baseline blood pressure and heart rate are shown above each bar as means ± SE. *Significant difference compared with control PBG responses.
